Effect of Mirtazapine on Oxidative Stress Created in Rat Kidneys by Ischemia-Reperfusion

Abstract

In this study, the effect of mirtazapine on rat kidneys versus ischemia-reperfusion (IR) damage was biochemically and histopathologically investigated. The results have shown that malondialdehyde (MDA) level of healthy rat group is 15.2 mol/g protein. The level of this substance was measured as 26.7 mol/g in only ischemia group. The MDA levels of IR and mirtazapine + renal ischemia-reperfusion (MRIR) groups were 39 ± 17.6 mol/g protein. While myeloperoxidase activity of healthy rat group was 20.2 u/g, the activities of only ischemia, IR, and MRIR groups were 28, 36.3, and 21 u/g, respectively. The glutathione levels were measured as 17.7, 12.8, 7.5, and 16.2 nmol/g in healthy, only ischemia, IR, and MRIR groups, respectively. Finally, glutathione S-transferase activities of healthy, only ischemia, IR, and MRIR groups were determined as 20, 13.8, 7.1, and 18.3 u/g, respectively. Histopathologically, while hemorrhage in interstitial area was observed in only ischemia group, significant tubular epithelial swelling, necrosis, and cast accumulation were seen in IR group. In MRIR group, only mild tubular epithelial swelling and mild hyaline cast accumulation were observed in kidney tissue. Consequently, it can be said that mirtazapine has a protective effect on IR-induced kidney damage.

Atypical antidepressants extend lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by activation of a non‐cell‐autonomous stress response

“…However, more directly related to our findings are two recent studies demonstrating that Mirtazapine treatment protects kidneys from oxidative damage caused by ischemia–reperfusion injury and neurons from oxidative damage caused by cisplatin, in rats (Tok et al ., 2012; Gulec et al ., 2013). …”

Tissue Damage and Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance

“…The damage caused by ischemiareperfusion in many organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, liver and intestines, has been investigated, and free radicals were found to be one of the major components of ischemiareperfusion damage [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Tok et al [23] reported that the levels of oxidant indicators such as MDA and MPO increased, whereas the levels of antioxidant indicators such as GSH and GST decreased. Yiğiter et al [24] reported an increase in the MDA level and a decrease in the GSH level in kidney tissues with damage related to ureter ligation.…”

The effect of nimesulide on oxidative damage inflicted by ischemia–reperfusion on the rat renal tissue

“…There are studies demonstrating that the amount of MDA in the renal I/R damage gets significantly high compared to a healthy tissue. 3 Also in MPO activity in the renal tissue of the RIR group, a significant increase in comparison to the sham group was determined. MPO secreted from the PMNL leads to the production of ROS, such as O À 2 , H 2 O 2 , and OH and transforms H 2 O 2 into hypochlorous acid radical (HOCl), which is a powerful oxidant, in the presence of Cl ion.…”

“…The period of time the animals remained inactive in a supine position is regarded as an appropriate time span for the surgical attempt. 3 Within this period of time, the unilateral left kidneys of all the rats were reached through the incision on their dorsal sections. Afterwards, except for the SG, 1-h-ischemia was generated by attaching clips to the renal artery and the veins reaching the kidney.…”

“…However, the reperfusion of ischemic kidneys gives rise to an increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, which injure the renal tissue to a greater extent, and a decrease in antioxidant levels, such as glutathione (GSH). 3 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) settling into the tissue during reperfusion increase the tissue damage further. 4 These ROS known as reperfusion mediators lead to lipid peroxidation and the oxidative damage of the cell DNA.…”