Effect of mechanical loading on mRNA levels of common endogenous controls in articular chondrocytes and intervertebral disk

Lee, Cynthia R.; Grad, Sibylle; MacLean, Jeffrey J.; Iatridis, James C.; Alini, Mauro

doi:10.1016/j.ab.2004.10.005

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This normalization process is commonly used (e.g. [1, 4,25]) and our recent studies confirm that 18s rRNA is the most appropriate endogenous control when mechanically loading cartilaginous tissues [29].…”

Section: Real-time Pcrsupporting

confidence: 60%

The effects of short‐term load duration on anabolic and catabolic gene expression in the rat tail intervertebral disc

MacLean

Lee

Alini

et al. 2005

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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125

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The goal of this study was to determine the time-dependent response of the intervertebral disc cells to in vivo dynamic compression. Forty-seven skeletally mature Wistar rats (> 12 months old) were instrumented with an Ilizarov-type device spanning caudal disc 8-9. Using a load magnitude (1 MPa) and frequency (1.0 Hz) that were previously shown to significantly alter mRNA levels in the disc, the effects of 0.5 and 4 h of loading were investigated and compared to a sham group and our previous 2 h results. Annulus and nucleus tissue of loaded (c8-9) and internal control discs ( c 6 7 and c10-11) were separately analyzed by real-time RT-PCR for levels of mRNA coding for various anabolic (collagen-lAl, collagen-2A1, aggrecan) and catabolic (MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTs-4) proteins. In the annulus, mRNA levels increased for Collagen types I & 11, and MMP 3 & 13 with increasing load duration. In contrast, the nucleus had the largest increases in aggrecan, ADAMTs-4, MMP-3 and MMP-13 after 2 h of loading, with aggrecan and MMP-13 mRNA levels returning to control values after 4 h of loading. Taken in context with our previous studies, we conclude that intervertebral disc cells from the nucleus and annulus have distinct responses to dynamic mechanical compression in vivo with sensitivity to compression magnitude, frequency and duration.

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Section: Real-time Pcrsupporting

confidence: 60%

The effects of short‐term load duration on anabolic and catabolic gene expression in the rat tail intervertebral disc

MacLean

Lee

Alini

et al. 2005

Journal Orthopaedic Research

Self Cite

125

120

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“…The IVDs in the tails of mice, rats and cattle have been used. In vivo mechanical interventions include an early forced 'curved tail' model [78], external apparatus to apply axial compression [27, 76,149] or asymmetrical compression [32,104]. Degeneration subsequent to injection of protein digestive enzymes into caudal discs [111] has also been reported.…”

Section: Mechanical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are animal models useful for studying human disc disorders/degeneration?

et al. 2007

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Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is an often investigated pathophysiological condition because of its implication in causing low back pain. As human material for such studies is difficult to obtain because of ethical and government regulatory restriction, animal tissue, organs and in vivo models have often been used for this purpose. However, there are many differences in cell population, tissue composition, disc and spine anatomy, development, physiology and mechanical properties, between animal species and human. Both naturally occurring and induced degenerative changes may differ significantly from those seen in humans. This paper reviews the many animal models developed for the study of IVD degeneration aetiopathogenesis and treatments thereof. In particular, the limitations and relevance of these models to the human condition are examined, and some general consensus guidelines are presented. Although animal models are invaluable to increase our understanding of disc biology, because of the differences between species, care must be taken when used to study human disc degeneration and much more effort is needed to facilitate research on human disc material.Keywords Intervertebral disc degeneration Á Animal models Á In vivo Á In vitro All of the authors contributed equally to this publication and are listed simply in alphabetical order.

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“…Relative gene expression at major anabolic genes was monitored, i.e., ACAN, collagen type 1 and 2 (Col 1 and Col 2, respectively), and ribosomal 18S as a reference gene [23,26,34]. Due to DNA substitutions between the porcine and bovine codon sequences of one of the two primer regions, species-specific RT-PCR was designed (Table 1) for pNCs and bNPCs.…”

Section: Relative Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary importance of cell ratio between notochordal and nucleus pulposus cells: an experimental 3-D co-culture study

Gantenbein

Chan

2011

Eur Spine J

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Introduction Notochordal cells and nucleus pulposus cells are co-existing in the intervertebral disc at various ratios among different mammalians. This fact rises the question about the interactions and the evolutionary relevance of this phenomenon. It has been described that these relatively large notochordal cells are mainly dominant in early lifetime of all vertebrates and then differences occur with ageing. Human, cattle, sheep, and goat lose the cells with age, whereas rodents and lagomorphs maintain these throughout their lifetime. Materials and methods Here, we addressed the importance of cell ratio using alginate bead 3-D co-culture of bovine nucleus pulposus cells (bNPC) and porcine notochordal cells (pNCs) for 14 days using culture inserts. Result We found a significant stimulation of bNPC in the presence of pNC in terms of cell activity and glycosaminoglycan production, but not for proliferation (DNA content). Relative gene expression was significantly stimulated for collagen type 2 and aggrecan. Conclusion The stimulating effect of NC was confirmed and the ideal ratio of NPC: NC was found to be *50:50. This has direct implications for tissue-engineering approaches, which aim to repopulate discs with NP-like precursor cells.

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Effect of mechanical loading on mRNA levels of common endogenous controls in articular chondrocytes and intervertebral disk

Cited by 51 publications

References 16 publications

The effects of short‐term load duration on anabolic and catabolic gene expression in the rat tail intervertebral disc

The effects of short‐term load duration on anabolic and catabolic gene expression in the rat tail intervertebral disc

Are animal models useful for studying human disc disorders/degeneration?

The evolutionary importance of cell ratio between notochordal and nucleus pulposus cells: an experimental 3-D co-culture study

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