Effect of Maximal Physical Exercise on T-Lymphocyte Subpopulations and on Interleukin 1 (IL 1) and Interleukin 2 (IL 2) Production in Vitro

Lewicki, R.; Tchórzewski, H; Majewska, E; Nowak, Zofia; Baj, Zbigniew

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024990

Cited by 84 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These results are in accordance with studies by Drenth et al (1996) and Northo et al (1994), who found a decreased synthesis of these cytokines, not on a per cell basis, but for the whole blood. In contrast, other authors have described an elevated synthesis of IL-1b (Cannon et al 1991;Haahr et al 1991;Lewicki et al 1988) and an unimpaired (Haahr et al 1991) or higher (Cannon et al 1991) production of TNF-a. These contradictory results might be attributable to dierences in the intensity and duration of exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…catecholamines and cortisol) on cytokine production. Several authors (Haahr et al 1991;Lewicki et al 1988;Northo et al 1994;Tvede et al 1993) have described a reduced phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated interleukin (IL)-2 production in cell culture after exhaustive exercise. However, an increased synthesis (concanavalin-A-stimulated) has also been reported (Northo et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Moderate and exhaustive endurance exercise influences the interferon-? levels in whole-blood culture supernatants

Baum

Müller‐Steinhardt

Liesen

et al. 1997

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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The aim of this study was to investigate whether moderate or exhaustive endurance exercise influences cytokine levels in whole-blood culture supernatants after stimulation. Therefore, eight healthy subjects were first exposed to moderate exercise on a cycle ergometer for 30 min at 70% of their 4-mmol/l lactic acid (anaerobic) threshold, and 1 week later to exhaustion (for 90 min) at their anaerobic threshold. Blood samples were taken before, 30 min after and 24 h after each exercise bout. The following lymphocyte subpopulations were determined: CD14-positive(+)/CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+. Cytokine levels in the supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Production of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were induced with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and that of IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Cortisol levels were also determined by ELISA. The lymphocyte subset distribution was observed to be unchanged after moderate exercise. Thirty minutes after exhaustive exercise, the CD16+ count was found to be significantly lower, whereas 24 h later the CD4+ count was significantly higher than pre-exercise counts. Moderate exercise influenced the IFN-gamma production (PHA-stimulated), which increased significantly from 974 (391) pg/ml before exercise to 1450 (498) pg/ml 24 h later. Thirty minutes after exhaustive exercise the IFN-gamma level in the supernatants (SEB-stimulated) was significantly decreased (from 14470 (11840) pg/ml before exercise to 6000 (4950) pg/ml after exercise). The IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production per monocyte was also significantly reduced.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Moderate and exhaustive endurance exercise influences the interferon-? levels in whole-blood culture supernatants

Baum

Müller‐Steinhardt

Liesen

et al. 1997

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…The eect of high intensity exercise on T and B cell functional capacity is not clear. Data are available suggesting both unchanged (Nieman et al 1994(Nieman et al , 1995Nielsen et al 1996) and reduced lymphocyte proliferation capacity (Frisina et al 1994;Hinton et al 1997) or markers of lymphocyte activation (Lewicki et al 1988;Gray et al 1992) immediately after high intensity exercise. The con¯icting nature of the data precludes meaningful interpretation as to the eect of exercise on T and B lymphocyte function (Nielsen et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Lymphocyte proliferation in response to acute heavy resistance exercise in women: influence of muscle strength and total work

Dohi

Mastro

Miles

et al. 2001

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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Little is understood about the immune responses to heavy resistance exercise. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of physical strength and the ability to do more total work on lymphocyte proliferation after an acute bout of heavy resistance exercise. A group of 50 healthy but nonstrength trained women were recruited for the study and tested for their one repetition maximum (i.e. 1 RM or maximal mass lifted once). From the normal distribution of strength the top and bottom 8 women [mean age 22.5 (SD 3.1) years] were asked to volunteer to define our two groups (i.e. high strength and low strength). The two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05) in 1 RM squat strength [low strength 39.9 (SD 4.6) kg, 0.65 (SD 0.08) kg.kg body mass-1 and high strength 72.2 (SD 10.7) kg, 1.1 (SD 0.12) kg.kg body mass-1] but were not significantly different in body mass, age, activity levels, and menstrual status (all in same phase). Each performed a resistance exercise protocol consisting of six sets of 10 RM squats with 2 min rest between the sets. The 10 RM loads and total work were significantly greater in the high strength group than in the low strength group. Blood samples were obtained pre-exercise and immediately post-exercise for test for lactate (significant increase with exercise) and cortisol (no changes) concentrations with no differences noted between groups. Immunological assays on the blood samples determined the incorporation of tritiated thymidine by lymphocytes in responses to concanavalin A (ConA), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Following the squat exercise, there was a significant decrease in lymphocyte responsiveness to PWM in the high strength but not in the low strength group for both total proliferation and proliferation adjusted per B or T cell. On the other hand, lymphocytes from the low strength group proliferated to a significantly greater extent (adjusted per T cell) in response to ConA and PHA. These data indicate that the heavy resistance exercise protocol reduced the lymphocyte proliferative responses only in the stronger group of subjects. This effect may have been due to the high absolute total work and the greater exercise stress created by the resistance exercise protocol in the high strength group. Therefore, individuals performing at the same relative exercise intensity (i.e. 10 RM) in a resistance exercise protocol may have different immune responses stemming from differences in absolute total work performance.

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“…In studies on lymphocyte subsets, a decreased ratio of T-helper to Tcytotoxic (CD4 : CD8) cells in athletes after acute exhaustive exercise observed by Berk et al, in 1986, has also been confirmed by Lewicki et al (1988) and Haq et al (1993). It has been suggested that a ratio of CD4 : CD8 cells below 1.5 is subnormal, and may be a cause of and an indicator of, immunosuppression (Nash, 1986;Keast et al, 1988;Shepherd et al, 1991).…”

Section: The Immune Response To Exhaustive Exercisementioning

confidence: 76%

The relation between glutamine and the immunodepression observed in exercise

Castell

Newsholme

2001

Amino Acids

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Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body. It is an important fuel for some key cells of the immune system. Both the plasma concentration of glutamine and the functional ability of immune cells in the blood are decreased after prolonged, exhaustive exercise. Glutamine feeding has had beneficial effects in clinical situations, and the provision of glutamine after intensive exercise has decreased the incidence of infections, particularly of upper respiratory tract infections. However, the precise effect of glutamine on immunodepression in this situation is not yet established.

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Effect of Maximal Physical Exercise on T-Lymphocyte Subpopulations and on Interleukin 1 (IL 1) and Interleukin 2 (IL 2) Production in Vitro

Cited by 84 publications

References 6 publications

Moderate and exhaustive endurance exercise influences the interferon-? levels in whole-blood culture supernatants

Moderate and exhaustive endurance exercise influences the interferon-? levels in whole-blood culture supernatants

Lymphocyte proliferation in response to acute heavy resistance exercise in women: influence of muscle strength and total work

The relation between glutamine and the immunodepression observed in exercise

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