“…It is found that PPD has a negative consequence on spouse's mental health, causing postpartum anxiety and PPD in the new father (O'Brien et al, ) and reduces the marital satisfaction of mothers (Di Marco, Gambaro, Zeppegno, & Gramaglia, ). Moreover, antenatal depression is found to be associated with preterm birth (Pesonen et al, ), delayed foetal development (Grobman et al, ), reduced foetal activity (Dieter et al, ), poor maternal–foetal communication, impaired mother–infant bonding (Badr, Ayvazian, Lameh, & Charafeddine, ), abnormal child weight, which manifests as low birth weight within one year of birth (Farías‐Antúnez, Xavier, & Santos, ), and obesity in children or adults (Lampard, Franckle, & Davison, ). Many studies have found that antenatal depression also affects the mental health and cognitive function of other children in the family (Tarabulsy et al, ), increasing the risk of anxiety (Capron et al, ), and other psychiatric problems in their children (Lahti et al, ).…”