Effect of maternal diabetes on female offspring

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the effect of maternal diabetes on the blood pressure and kidney function of female offspring, as well as if such changes exacerbate during pregnancy.MethodsDiabetes mellitus was induced in female rats with the administration of streptozotocin in a single dose, one week before mating. During pregnancy, blood pressure was measured through plethysmography. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the animals were placed for 24 hours in metabolic cages to obtain urine samples. After the animals were removed from the cages, blood samples were withdrawn. One month after pregnancy, new blood and urine sample were collected. Kidney function was evaluated through proteinuria, plasma urea, plasma creatinine, creatinine excretion rate, urinary flow, and creatinine clearance.Results The female offspring from diabetic mothers showed an increase in blood pressure, and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate in relation to the control group.Conclusion Hyperglycemia during pregnancy was capable of causing an increase in blood pressure and kidney dysfunction in the female offspring.

Selenoproteins and renal programming in metabolic syndrome-exposed rat offspring

“…Moreover, MS-exposed pups also present hypernatremia and hyperaldosteronemia, together with a high level of renal Na + reabsorption, leading to a hypertensive status, detected in these animals one week later. Similar data relative to renal programming changes focused on the effects of maternal nutritional status during intrauterine development have been found (9)(10)(11)(12)14,52). All point to a glomerular hypertrophy with podocyte damage and to inappropriate sodium retention as the main cause of renal injury and hypertension.…”

“…Since MS is related to CVD, it has been demonstrated that it could contribute to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the human population (7,8). Moreover, important renal programming changes have been described in rats exposed to a high-fructose-diet-induced MS model during gestation and lactation (9,10) and in pups whose mother suffers DM (11)(12)(13). In general terms, the renal programming found is associated to future programmed hypertension (HTA) by genes related to nephrogenesis, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), epigenetic regulators in the kidney and oxidative stress (OE) (9,14).…”

The effects of long-term diabetes on the haematological and uterine indicators and their association with neonatal nephrogenesis counter-protected by camel milk: A time dependent study

“…Chronic hyperglycaemic intrauterine conditions lead to the shrinkage of the different renal regions in foe-https://doi.org/10.17221/97/2019-VETMED tuses except for the medullary region (Table 3 and Figure 4). Although there are no contemporary studies present to compare these data, though Martins et al (2014) recorded defective renal functions in threemonth-old pups delivered from diabetic dams. This renal dysfunction may be linked to the defective nephrogenesis due to subnormal uterine environment during the prenatal period in the chronic diabetes.…”

Long-term outcomes and potential mechanisms of offspring exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia

“…When children aged 5–18 years were affected, urinary calcium and magnesium excretion was lower in O-T1DM ( 79 ). In animal models, widespread interstitial fibrosis ( 80 ) and severe glomerulosclerosis ( 71 , 81 ) with functional glomeruli loss ( 82 , 83 ) were present at different periods in maternal diabetic offspring, leading to a decreased creatinine clearance ( 87 ), an increased glomerular filtration rate ( 88 ), and microalbuminuria ( 80 ). Urinary calcium and magnesium output was less ( 84 , 85 ), similar to the excretion of basal sodium and urine volume ( 86 ).…”