Effect of liquid whey feeding on fecal microbiota of mature and growing pigs

Kobayashi, Yasuo; Itoh, Aya; Miyawaki, Kanae; Koike, Satoshi; Iwabuchi, Osamu; Iimura, Yuji; Kobashi, Yuri; Kawashima, Tomoyuki; Wakamatsu, Jun‐ichi; Hattori, Akihito; Murakami, Hiroshi; Morimatsu, Fumiki; Nakaebisu, Takashi; Hishinuma, Takeshi

doi:10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00876.x

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Further, differences in intestinal microbial profiles among cereal grains were correlated with differences in fiber composition [23]. The higher Lactobacillus populations in pigs fed the HIGH diet are in accordance with greater levels of whey and fishmeal in the diet [26], [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Alterations in Ileal Mucosa Bacteria Related to Diet Complexity and Growth Performance in Young Pigs

et al. 2014

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BackgroundEvaluation of the prolonged impact of weaning diet on ileal mucosa bacteria and during periods of reduced and improved growth was conducted using 454 pyrosequencing.Methodology/Principal FindingsWeaned pigs were fed HIGH or LOW complexity diets, with or without antibiotics, for 6 weeks, followed by a common grower diet. Pigs were killed at 2 (n = 4 or 5) and 8 (n = 6) weeks post-weaning (periods of reduced and improved growth, respectively). Mucosal bacteria were removed; DNA was extracted and amplified using the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Mucosal bacteria clustered more closely by week post-weaning than diet but 44% of bacterial species did not change from week 2 to 8. There was no effect of diet complexity or antibiotic inclusion on indices of bacterial diversity. Firmicutes made up 91 and 96% of total reads at week 2 and 8, respectively. The proportion of Clostridium paraputrificum increased (P = 0.003) from week 2 to 8 in pigs fed LOW but didn’t change in pigs fed HIGH; whereas Clostridium leptum decreased (P = 0.02) from week 2 to 8 in pigs fed LOW but didn’t change in pigs fed HIGH. The proportion of Sarcina genus was 3-fold higher in pigs fed A+ compared to A− at week 2 and 5-fold higher at week 8 despite the lack of in-feed antibiotics at that time.Conclusions/SignificanceShifts in mucosal bacteria populations may be related to dietary induced changes in growth performance during reduced and improved growth but further studies are required to confirm causative relationship. Weaning diet results in species specific prolonged alterations in mucosal bacteria, particularly where high levels of in-feed antibiotics are used. A considerable portion of ileal mucosal bacteria colonize early and remain stable over time despite changes in diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Alterations in Ileal Mucosa Bacteria Related to Diet Complexity and Growth Performance in Young Pigs

et al. 2014

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“…For example, C. lituseburense, which represents up to 21 % of the communities and was the most dominant OTU in TM contaminated sediments, was previously found in human feces (Franks et al 1998) or abundant in wastewater effluents from dairy farms (McGarvey et al 2004). Other two dominant species, C. bartlettii and C. disporicum, were also detected in human (Song et al 2004;Mangin et al 2004) or animal feces (Kobayashi et al 2011;Horn 1987). Similar to H. caeni and A. defluvii, these three Clostridium species were probably released with the WWTP effluent, but contrary to the first two species, they seemed to be favored in the highly TM contaminated sediments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Bacterial communities in trace metal contaminated lake sediments are dominated by endospore-forming bacteria

et al. 2013

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Lake sediments in areas close to the outlet of wastewater treatment plants are sinks for pollutants. Bacterial communities in sediments are likely affected by the released effluents, but in turn they might modify the distribution and bioavailability of pollutants. On the shore of Lake Geneva, Switzerland, wastewater from the City of Lausanne is treated and discharged into the lake via an outlet pipe in the Vidy Bay. The objectives of this study were to assess (1) the impact of the treated wastewater release on the bacterial communities in the Vidy Bay sediments and (2) the potential link between bacterial communities and trace metal sediment content. Bacterial community composition and abundance were assessed in sediments collected in three areas with different levels of contamination. The main factors affecting bacterial communities were inferred by linking biological data with chemical analyses on these sediments. Near to the outlet pipe, large quantities of bacterial cells were detected in the three upper most cm (3.2 9 10 9 cells assessed by microscopy and 1.7 9 10 10 copies of the 16S rRNA gene assessed by quantitative PCR, per gram of wet sediment), and the dominant bacterial groups were those typically found in activated sludge (e.g. Acidovorax defluivii and Hydrogenophaga caeni). Three samples in an area further away from the outlet and one sample close to it were characterized by 50 % of endospore-forming Firmicutes (Clostridium spp.) and a clear enrichment in trace metal content. These results highlight the potential role of endospore-forming Firmicutes on transport and deposition of trace metals in sediments.

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“…inoculation of microorganisms from feed into the nasal passages while eating) or indirect effects through modification of the fecal microbiota and altered environmental bacterial exposures. The impact of liquid whey feeding on the fecal microbiota was assessed in mature pigs [9]; but it was a cloning-based study that involved very small numbers of clones and provides little insight into the results of this study. Reasons for the significant lower relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Fibrobacteres is not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the nasal microbiota in slaughter-age pigs and the impact on nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe nasal microbiota of pigs has been poorly assessed but could play a role in carriage of important microorganisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The objectives of this study were to describe the nasal microbiota in slaughter age pigs, to evaluate the impact of farm management on the nasal microbiota and to provide a preliminary assessment of the influence of the microbiota on MRSA carriage.ResultsNasal swabs were collected from five MRSA positive and eight MRSA negative pigs on one farm that used a liquid feeding system and routine tylosin treatment, and seven MRSA negative pigs from an antibiotic-free farm that used conventional feeding. A total of 946310 sequences passed all quality control filters. The number of sequences per sample ranged from 4307 to 165656 (mean 56092, SD 40007). CatchAll analysis of richness predicted a mean of 1749 OTUs (range 213–3736, SD 996). Overall, 6291 OTUs were identified, yet 5125 (81%) were identified less than 10 times and the 12 most abundant OTUs accounted for 80.7% of sequences. Proteobacteria predominated in all but two samples. Liquid-fed/tylosin-exposed pigs had significantly lower relative abundances of Verrucomicrobia (P = 0.004), Fibrobacteres (P = <0.0001) and sequences unclassified at the phylum level (P = 0.028). When comparing only liquid-fed pigs, MRSA carriers had significantly more Bacteroidetes (P = 0.037) than MRSA negative pigs. 124 genera were identified, with Moraxella accounting for 35.4% of sequences. In the Jaccard index tree, five of eight MRSA positive pigs clustered closely together, as did six of the seven conventionally-fed pigs. A significant difference was identified between conventional and liquid-fed pigs using parsimony test with the Jaccard (P < 0.001) but not the Yue&Clayton (P = 0.26) index. There were no significant differences between MRSA positive and negative pigs (P = 0.133 and 0.175). OTUs belonging to Firmicutes were the main indicators of MRSA negative pigs, including Lactobacillus and another Lactobacillaceae and Staphylococcus.ConclusionsFarm management can influence the nasal microbiota in pigs, but no impact of the microbiota on MRSA carriage was identified. Studies that further define the impact of management on the microbiota, and the impact of the microbiota on pathogen carriage are indicated.

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Effect of liquid whey feeding on fecal microbiota of mature and growing pigs

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Alterations in Ileal Mucosa Bacteria Related to Diet Complexity and Growth Performance in Young Pigs

Alterations in Ileal Mucosa Bacteria Related to Diet Complexity and Growth Performance in Young Pigs

Bacterial communities in trace metal contaminated lake sediments are dominated by endospore-forming bacteria

Evaluation of the nasal microbiota in slaughter-age pigs and the impact on nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage

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