Effect of Isocarbon-4 and Isocarbon-5 Volatile Fatty Acids on Microbial Protein Synthesis and Dry Matter Digestibility In Vitro

Cummins, K.A.; Papas, A.H.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(85)81141-3

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Moreover, Russell and Sniffen (1984) demonstrated an enhanced efficiency of bacterial cell growth in the rumen with isoacid supplementation. Our suggestion is supported by several in vitro studies in which BCVFA had stimulating effects on microbial protein synthesis (Cummins and Papas 1985;Piva et al 1988). Cellulolytic bacteria derive their N exclusively from ammonia N (Russell et al 1992).…”

Section: Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion Of Purine Derivatesmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Isoacids (isobutyric, isovaleric and valeric acids) showed a stimulating effect on microbial protein synthesis (Piva et al 1988). Similarly, in vitro fermentation systems demonstrated that BCVFA and valerate supplementation can increase microbial protein synthesis (Cummins and Papas 1985). Felix et al (1980b) found that the BCVFA mixtures improved utilisation of nitrogen by lactating cows.…”

Section: Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion Of Purine Derivatesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A sufficient level of branched chain fatty acids is essential for efficient digestion of structural carbohydrates in the rumen and synthesis of microbial protein. Most fibre-degrading microorganisms in the rumen require BCVFA (Hume 1970;Van Gylswyk 1970;Bryant 1973;Cummins and Papas 1985). Early in vitro studies demonstrated that BCVFA are required by cellulolytic bacteria (Bryant 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Early in vitro studies demonstrated that BCVFA are required by cellulolytic bacteria (Bryant 1973). Supplementation of BCVFA to in vitro media has increased microbial protein synthesis (Hume 1970;Cummins and Papas 1985), fermentation of plant cell walls (Gorosito et al 1985), and dry matter (DM) digestion (Cummins and Papas 1985;Mir et al 1986). However, the results from animal studies are inconclusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of isobutyrate on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and digestibility in steers

Qiang¹,

Wang²,

Huang³

et al. 2008

Archives of Animal Nutrition

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of isobutyrate supplementations on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and feed digestibility in steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square experiment. On DM basis, diet consisted of 60% corn stover and 40% concentrate. Dry matter intake (averaged 9 kg/d) was restricted to 90% of ad libitum intake. The four treatment groups received a daily dose of 0 (control), 8.4, 16.8 or 25.2 g isobutyrate per steer. With increasing isobutyrate supplementation total VFA concentration (range 64.2-74.0 mM) was significantly enhanced. The ratio of acetate to propionate (range 2.72-4.25) was also significantly increased due to the increase in actate production and decrease in propionate production. With increasing isobutyrate supplementation the ruminal degradation of NDF from corn stover was improved but the CP degradability of soybean meal was decreased. Furthermore, the isobutyrate supplementation caused a significantly increased urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Similarly, digestibilities of OM, NDF and CP in the total tract were significantly increased. The present results indicate that dietary supplementation with isobutyrate improved rumen fermentation and feed digestion in beef cattle in a dose-dependent manner. According to the conditions of this experiment, the optimum daily dose of isobutyrate was about 16.8 g/animal.

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Section: Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion Of Purine Derivatesmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion Of Purine Derivatesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of isobutyrate on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and digestibility in steers

Qiang¹,

Wang²,

Huang³

et al. 2008

Archives of Animal Nutrition

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show abstract

“…Cows in the NDCP treatment had a higher concentration of isobutyrate and isovalerate than those in the HDCP treatment, similar to Khalili & Huhtanen (1991). Branched chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFA) are essential for the effective functioning of cellulolytic bacteria and the synthesis of microbial protein, specifically the amino acids valine, isoleucine, leucine and proline (Cummins & Papas, 1985;Andries et al, 1987). Broderick et al (2008) found a decrease in total BCVFA concentration as the level of sugar in the diet increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Replacing maize grain with dried citrus pulp in a concentrate feed for Jersey cows grazing ryegrass pasture

2017

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Dried citrus pulp (DCP) is a high-fibre by-product of the citrus industry. In total mixed ration (TMR) systems it has been shown to maintain a more stable ruminal environment, improving overall production compared with maize. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of stepwise replacement of maize with DCP in a concentrate supplement on milk yield, milk composition and rumen health of Jersey cows grazing ryegrass pasture. Sixty-eight lactating Jersey cows (μ ± SD; 84.5 ± 43.8 days in milk, 20.4 ± 3.09 kg/day) were used in the trial. Cows were allocated to one of four treatments, with 17 cows per treatment, namely no DCP (NDCP): 0% replacement; low DCP (LDCP): 33% replacement; medium DCP (MDCP): 66% replacement; and high DCP (HDCP): 100% replacement. An additional six ruminally cannulated Jersey cows were randomly allocated to the NDCP and HDCP treatments in a two-period cross-over design. Milk yield decreased between 2.1 and 3.2 kg/day when maize was replaced with DCP. Milk fat content did not differ between treatments. However, treatment had a quadratic effect on milk protein and lactose content, with the LDCP and MDCP treatments having the highest values. No change in the diurnal ruminal pH curve and no differences in the rate and extent of pasture dry matter and neutral detergent fibre degradability between treatments were observed. In conclusion, replacing maize grain with DCP in a conventional concentrate diet led to a decrease in milk yield, while rumen health was maintained. ______________________________________________________________________________________

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A route to decreasing N pollution from livestock: Use of Festulolium hybrids improves efficiency of N flows in rumen simulation fermenters

Kamau

Belanche

Davies

et al. 2020

Food and Energy Security

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Ruminant agriculture suffers from inefficient capture of forage protein and consequential release of N pollutants to land. This is due to proteolysis in the rumen catalyzed by both microbial but initially endogenous plant proteases. Plant breeding‐based solutions are sought to minimize these negative environmental impacts. The aim of this study was to perform an integrated study of rumen N metabolism using semi‐continuous rumen simulation fermenters (Rusitec) to explore the extent to which swards containing Festulolium populations (interspecific hybrids between Lolium and Festuca grass species) with decreased rates of endogenous protein degradation conferred advantageous protein utilization in comparison with a National Listed perennial ryegrass. An in vitro experiment was conducted using three Festulolium hybrids (Lolium perenne × Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens, LpFg; Lolium perenne × Festuca mairei, LpFm; and Lolium multiflorum × Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens, LmFg) and a Lolium perenne, Lp control. LpFm and LmFg demonstrated significantly lower plant‐mediated proteolysis than the control. Fresh forage was incubated in Rusitec with rumen fluid from four donor cows. Feed disappearance and production of gas, methane, and volatile fatty acids were similar across cultivars. Whereas no differences in microbial protein synthesis were noted across treatments during early fermentation (0–6 hr after feeding), an increased microbial N flow in LpFm (+30%) and LmFg hybrids (+41%) was observed during late fermentation (6–24 hr after feeding), with higher overall microbial N flows (+13.5% and + 20.2%, respectively) compared with the control (Lp). We propose an underpinning mechanism involving the partitioning of amino acid catabolism toward branched‐chain amino acids and microbial protein synthesis in grasses with slow plant‐mediated proteolysis instead of accumulation of rumen ammonia in grasses with fast plant‐mediated proteolysis. These observations indicate the potential of Festulolium hybrids with a slow plant‐mediated proteolysis trait to improve the efficiency of capture of forage protein and decrease the release of N pollutants onto the land.

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Effect of Isocarbon-4 and Isocarbon-5 Volatile Fatty Acids on Microbial Protein Synthesis and Dry Matter Digestibility In Vitro

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of isobutyrate on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and digestibility in steers

Effects of isobutyrate on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and digestibility in steers

Replacing maize grain with dried citrus pulp in a concentrate feed for Jersey cows grazing ryegrass pasture

A route to decreasing N pollution from livestock: Use of Festulolium hybrids improves efficiency of N flows in rumen simulation fermenters

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