Effect of Irrigation Intervals and Different Plant Densities on Faba Bean Yield, Some Water Relations and Some Soil Properties Under Drip Irrigation System in North Middle Nile Delta Region.

Abstract

Two field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. The site is located at 31 0 07ˉ N Latitude and 30 0 57ˉ E longitude with an elevation of about 6 meters above mean sea level. This location represents the conditions of the North Middle Nile Delta region during the two successive winter growing seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals and plant densities on faba bean yield, some yield attributes and some water relations under drip irrigation system. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds, variety Sakha 2, were planted on 10 th and 15 th November and harvested on 28 th April and 2 nd May in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. A split plot design with four replicates was used. The main plots were randomly assigned by (irrigation intervals, I) which were I1 (irrigation every 6 days), I2 (irrigation every 9 days), I3 (irrigation every12 days), I4 (irrigation every15 days), I5 (irrigation every18days). The sub-main treatments were also randomly assigned by (plant densities, D) which were, D1 (planting one plant on one lateral from each side adjusted with opening the emitter), D2 (planting two plants on one lateral from one side adjusted with the emitter), D3 (planting four plants on one lateral on the two sides of the emitter), two plants from each side and D4 (planting four plants on one lateral on the two sides of the emitter, two plants from each side). In addition, two plants were planted in the middle of the two adjacent emitters with one plant in each side. The obtained results can be summarized as follows:-Data clearly illustrated that, the values of seasonal water applied, water stored in the effective root zone and water consumptive use were affected by irrigation intervals, where the highest overall mean values for the abovementioned three studied parameters were recorded under irrigation interval (I1) and the values are 1475.52, 1205.20 and 1059.44 m 3 /fed. On the other hand, the lowest values for the same abovementioned studied parameters were recorded under irrigation interval, I5 and the values are 990.64, 905.16 and 850.44 m 3 /fed. for seasonal water applied, water stored in the effective root zone and water consumptive use, respectively. Generally, the values of the three abovementioned studied parameters can be descended in order (I1) > (I2) > (I3) > (I4) > (I5). Concerning water application efficiency (WAE%) the mean values were slightly affected by irrigation intervals. The highest mean values were recorded under irrigation interval (I4) and the values are 94.92 and 94.47 %. The lowest mean values were recorded under irrigation interval (I1) and the values are 81.57 and 81.79% in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. Regarding, water productivity (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW), the highest overall mean values were recorded under irrigation interval (I5) and the values are 1.38 and 1.19 kg/ m 3. Meanwhile, the lowest overall mean values were recorded under irrigatio...

Effect of Drip Irrigation on Peach Trees Grown in Heavy Clay Soils.

“…Increasing the overall mean values for consumptive use efficiency under the conditions of irrigation treatment I 1 (Traditional irrigation ) may be due to increasing the amount of water consumptive use in comparison with other irrigation treatments I 2 ,I 3 and I 4 which exposed to water stress during the growing season . These results are in the same line with those reported by ( Younis, et al,2009) , (Mikhael, et al, 2010) and (Moursi, et al,2014) .…”

“…Concerning ,water productivity (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW) .The overall mean values for the abovementioned two studied parameters were highly affected by irrigation treatments (amount of irrigation water applied ) as clearly shown in Table (6 3 ,respectively .This means that ,under water stress condition the values of WP and PIW were increased in comparison with nonstressed conditions (Tradition irrigation ,like practice by local farmers in the studied area ) which recorded the lowest values .Increasing the overall mean values for WP and PIW under water stress condition in comparison with nonstressed ones may be attributed to decreasing amount of water consumptive use and irrigation water applied under stressed treatments .These results are in a great harmony with those reported by ( Ibrahim and Abd El-samad, 2009) on "Manfalouty " pomegranate .They indicated that a gradual decrease in water use efficiency (water productivity ) values due to increase the a mount of water applied and consumptive use .Also ,these results are in a great agreement with those obtained by (Mikhael, et al, 2010) on peach trees "Dessert Red" who reported that ,the highest significant values for field water use efficiency (productivity of irrigation water ) were recorded under irrigation trees at 70% of field capacity ( moderate irrigation regime ) in both seasons followed in descending order by those irrigated at 60% and 80% of field capacity . The same finding were found by (El-Abd ,et al, 2012) on "Navel orange trees " and (Garcio and Brunton, et al, 2013) on peach trees and (Moursi, et al, 2014) on Faba bean…”

“…Therefore ,increasing uptake rate of these nutrients and so forming strong and healthy trees with a condensed vegetative cover .Consequently, the canopy area which exposes to sunlight increases .So, the rate of transpiration through vegetative cover increases .Transpiration considers one of the main components of water consumptive use in addition ,evaporation from the soil surface .So ,under the conditions of irrigation treatment I 1 the values of water consumptive use increases .These results are in a great harmony with those obtained by (Younis, et al, 2009) , (Moursi et al,2010) , (Garcio and Brunton ,2013) and (Moursi et al,2014)…”

Alternative Irrigation Method as an Effective Technique for Rationalization of Irrigation with Foliar Fertilizer on Henna (Lawsonia alba, Lam.) Plants

“…Increasing the overall mean values for WP and PIW under the conditions of irrigation treatments (I 3 ) in comparison with other irrigation treatments I 2 and I 1 could be attributed to decreasing amount of both water applied and consumptive use. These results are identically with those reported by (Shabana, 2010) and (Moursi et al, 2014). Regarding the impact of foliar application, the highest overall mean values TABLE 6.…”

Effect of Water Regimes and Polyvinyl Alcohol on Faba Bean Yield, Chemical Composition and Water Use Efficiency

“…Such trend is mainly due to the differences in climatic conditions and sowing date between both seasons of study. Similar conclusion was reached by Mohammad (2014), Moursi et al (2014) and Jabow et al (2015). Appropriate frequency of irrigation can be determined from the available soil moisture retaining capacity and the rate of faba bean evapotranspiration taking into consideration that it better replenish the soil moisture when about 50% of the total available soil water is exhausted (Allen et al,1998) With respect to, the effect of applied different concentrations (0.2, 0.1, 0.05 and zero %) of polyvinyl alcohol as soil conditioner on total mean actual faba bean evapotranspiration (ETa) results illustrated in Table 3& Table 4 and Figure1.…”