Effect of Increase of Dietary Micronutrient Intake on Oxidative Stress Indicators in HIV/AIDS Patients

Abstract

Several recent studies in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients have identified micronutrient deficiencies as affecting progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death. Although the mechanisms are not known, micronutrient deficiencies may exacerbate the oxidative stress induced by HIV. In addition, infection and its evolution likely lead to an increased requirement for nutritional micronutrients, especially antioxidants. To evaluate this, 40 relatively healthy, institutionalized HIV-infected individuals were recruited for assessment before or three months after fresh fruit and vegetable supply were increased due to seasonal supply. Seven-day dietary records were recorded at the beginning (December) and end of the three-month study period (March). Oxidative stress indices and CD4+, CD38+/CD8+, and CD95+ T-lymphocyte subsets were also measured at these times. No significant differences were found in calorie or protein intake across the study period, but vitamin A, C, and E intakes all increased. A number of redox indicators were modified (increase: total antioxidant status, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione; and decrease: superoxide dismutase) during the study period. However, no change in malondialdehyde, hydroperoxides, or DNA damage was noted but a significant reduction in CD38+/CD8+ relative count was seen. Within the context and limitations of this study, the increase of dietary fruits and vegetables intake for three months had some beneficial effects on nutrition, systemic redox balance, and immune parameters in HIV-infected persons.

Effect of Toxic Metals on Human Health

“…Micronutrients can interact with toxic metals in the body at several points: (a) absorption; (b) transport; (c) binding to target proteins; (d) metabolism; (e) sequestration; (f) excretion of toxic metals; and (g) finally in secondary symptoms of toxicity such as oxidative stress. The role of oxidative stress in the destruction of immune cells has been elucidated [28][29][30][31][32][33]. Thus, a diet poor in micronutrients can lead to enhancement in the toxicity.…”

Protective Mechanisms of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> against CCl₄-Induced Oxidative Stress in Precision-Cut Liver Slices

“…An increase in the intake of vitamin A is reported to have beneficial effects on the nutrition systematic redox balance and immune parameters in HIV-infected persons [32]. Vitamin A administration has also been reported to prevent hepatic injury caused by CCl 4 treatment [33].…”

Oxidative Stress Associated to Disease Progression and Toxicity during Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

“…Meanwhile Masiá et al (2007) found increased plasma peroxide associated with established cardiovascular risk factors in the study context. McComsey et al (2005) describe some clinical and metabolic benefits during replacement of antiviral treatment while others by Milazzo et al (2010), Yousefi et al (2011), Hurwitz et al (2007 and Gil et al (2005a) found clinical and metabolic benefits during dietary micronutrient intake improvement in treatment or naive patients. For several years, the attention of different research groups as Aukrust et al (2003), Hulgan et al (2006) and Hurwitz et al (2007) has been largely focused on damages induced by ART on mtDNA and on the consequence of its depletion.…”

“…Thus, treating the patients with antioxidants since early stages of the disease is believed to be beneficial argued by Tang et al (2005), Gil et al (2005a) and Hurwitz et al (2007).…”