Effect of in ovo feeding egg white protein, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and carbohydrates on glycogen status and neonatal growth of turkeys

Abstract

In ovo feeding (IOF), injecting dietary components into the amnion about 1 d prior to internal pipping, may enhance growth by altering glycogen status. This hypothesis was evaluated with 5 IOF solutions containing protein, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), and carbohydrate. Four IOF treatments were arranged as a factorial of 2 levels of egg white protein (EWP; 0 and 18%) and 2 levels of HMB (0 and 0.1%). An IOF solution of carbohydrates (S; 20% dextrin and 3% maltose) was evaluated for contrast purposes. At 23 d of incubation, 1.5 mL of IOF solution was injected into the amnion of 100 eggs per treatment. At hatch, feed and water were provided ad libitum. At hatch and 3 and 7 d of age, BW were determined, and 10 poults per treatment were sampled to determine liver (LG) and pectoralis muscle (PC) glycogen content. Poults on IOF treatments A (18% EWP), B (18% EWP + HMB), and D (HMB) weighed 6.0, 2.7, and 3.3% more than the controls at hatch, respectively (P < 0.05) with an EWP x HMB interaction (P < 0.05) sustained to 3 and 7 d only in treatment D (P < 0.005). At hatch, A and D poults had greater percentages of PC (P < 0.05) than controls, and the percentage of PC in treatment D was sustained until 7 d. Total LG was enhanced by A and B at 7 d (P < 0.05) over the controls, whereas total PC glycogen was enhanced at 7 d by IOF treatment D (P < 0.05). The IOF A and S poults had greater BW than the controls at hatch only (P < 0.05). The IOF treatment A had greater LG at hatch (P < 0.05), but by 7 d, A and S had greater LG than controls (P < 0.05). Poults fed S in ovo had enhanced total PC glycogen over controls, whereas poults on treatment A had less total PC glycogen than controls (P < 0.05). The results of this experiment demonstrate that IOF of A or S poults may enhance hatch BW and glycogen status of poults during the neonatal period by inclusion of HMB.

Impacts of In Ovo Feeding of DL-Methionine on Hatchability and Chick Weight

“…Tangara et al, (2010) have reported that injection of digestible carbohydrates and arginine to fertile duck eggs increased chick weight at 7 day after hatch by increasing embryo weight. Similar results were revealed by some researchers (Foye et al, 2006, McGruder et al, 2011b, Ohta et al, 1999. In conclusion, DL-methionine might be used as a substrate of in ovo feeding to obtain heavier chicks.…”

“…Also, Ohta and Kidd, (2001) indicated that injection of different amino acid solution to 19 mm depth at the 6th day of incubation decreased hatchability from 88% to 70% but, injection to 13 mm depth did not affect hatchability and increased relative chick weight from 71.6% to 73.2%. Also it was reported that in ovo β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate injection to turkey eggs (Foye et al, 2006(Foye et al, , 2007 increased subsequent chick weight developed between 3% and 7% after hatch. Injection of DL-methionine to fertile broiler eggs provided 3.8% heavier chick compared to control group.…”

“…Injection of different nutrients at 16, 17 and 18th day of hatch showed that embryos consumed to external nutrients with amniotic fluid and increased chick weight and increased subsequent growth performance. In these studies, especially injection of NaCl, maltose, sucrose, and dextrin Ferket, 2004, Uni et al, 2005), arginine (Foye et al 2005), β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (Tako et al, 2004), albumin (Foye et al, 2006), and zincmethionine to fertile broiler eggs improved performance in broiler chicks by increasing embryo weight. Also, Ohta and Kidd (2001) reported that the injection of various amino acid solutions to amniotic fluid enhanced the embryonic growth during the incubation.…”

Growth, Digestive Tract and Muscle Weights in Slow-Growing Broiler is not Affected by a Blend of Branched-Chain Amino Acids Injected into Different Sites of Egg

“…It has been indicated that among BCAA, only leucine is capable of activating translation initiation factors and stimulating protein synthesis in skeletal muscles (Anthony et al, 2000). Thus, studies have focused especially on HMB (Foye et al, 2006(Foye et al, , 2007Tako et al, 2004) or BCAA (Bhanja and Mandal, 2005;Kita et al, 2015) supplementation in in ovo solution. However, leucine is not only a source for HMB formation, but also is an AA having extra proteolytic effects.…”

Can silver nanoparticles affect the mineral content, structure and mechanical properties of chicken embryo bones?

“…Nevertheless, no data is available regarding the nano-Ag content in bones, either during prenatal or postnatal development. The key factor in chicken development is proper nutrition during embryogenesis (Foye et al, 2006). The main source of calcium for the growing embryo is its eggshell (Johnston and Comar, 1955).…”