Effect of hydrometer type on particle size distribution of fine grained soil

Kaur, Arshdeep; Fanourakis, G.C.

doi:10.1201/b21335-55

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…• For both the hydrometers, for all the concentrations of dispersing agent, any further increase in the volume of chemical after attaining optimum volume generally resulted in a decrease in clay content. Similar results were obtained by other researchers [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. However, a contradictory trend was noticed where, with an increase in volume there was an increase in percentage of clay content (3.5% Calgon (35:0)).…”

Section: Red Soilsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Hydrometers: TMH1 (1986) [22] prescribes the use of hydrometer 152H, but the authors [3] concluded that the 152H:E100 was more effective by yielding higher clay contents in the case of the more active soil. Therefore, both hydrometers were incorporated into this investigation i.e.…”

Section: Laboratory Tests Materials and Methodology 21 Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in disagreement with Bindu and Ramabhadran [5], as they indicated that the addition of sodium carbonate increases the dispersing capacity of sodium hexametaphosphate. • For both the hydrometers, for all the concentrations of dispersing agent, any further increase in the volume of chemical after attaining optimum volume generally resulted in a 1], [2], [3], [4], [5]). • Relatively high sodium carbonate contents (5.5% and 6.5 %) resulted in a decrease in the clay contents and rendered the hydrometer 152H: E100 (H2) to be more effective.…”

Section: Testing Procedures and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas, the sedimentation analysis is used for the analysis of the fine-grained fraction of the soil, such as silt and clay, of which particle size is less than 75 microns. Various researchers have investigated the effectiveness of the determination of the particle size analysis, on the fine fraction of various soils, using different methods such as the hydrometer (sedimentation) method ( [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]), the pipette method ( [8], [14], [15]) and the laser diffraction method ( [6], [9], [11], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calgon, which is a combination of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium carbonate, is one of the popular dispersing agents adopted by various countries in the sedimentation test analysis. This dispersing agent in different concentrations (varying the amount of only sodium hexametaphosphate in Calgon) is recommended and adopted by many methods and researchers ( [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [10], [24], [25], [26]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Sodium Carbonate Concentration in Calgon on Hydrometer Analysis Results

Kaur

Fanourakis

2018

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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Calgon (a combination of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium carbonate) has proved to be the most effective dispersing agent in determining the grain size distribution of fine-grained soils by means of the hydrometer analysis. Previous research on the effect of the sodium hexametaphosphate content of dispersing agents on the clay contents showed that the addition of sodium carbonate to sodium hexametaphosphate increases its dispersing effectiveness. Hence, Calgon 35:7 was used /recommended by many researchers/methods and proved to be the most effective dispersing agent. Although previous work focusing on the effect of varying the concentration of sodium hexametaphosphate in Calgon has been reported, the effect of the concentration of sodium carbonate in Calgon has not been assessed and reported. For this reason, in this investigation a series of hydrometer test analyses were conducted using the 152H and ASTM 152H: E100 hydrometers with Calgon in ratios of 35:0, 35:20 and 35:30. It was observed that with any increase in sodium carbonate content beyond 7 grams, the percentage clay content actually decreased tremendously in the case of hydrometer 152H. However, for the other hydrometer, Calgon (35:0) proved to be most effective combination. Thus, the increase in the sodium carbonate content in Calgon, beyond 7 g/ litre, is not recommended.

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Section: Red Soilsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Laboratory Tests Materials and Methodology 21 Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testing Procedures and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of Sodium Carbonate Concentration in Calgon on Hydrometer Analysis Results

Kaur

Fanourakis

2018

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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The Effect of Hydrometer Type on the Influence of the Phosphate Dispersants on Particle Size Distribution of Soil Fines

Kaur

2019

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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The Influence of Dispersing Agents on Soil Particle Size Analysis

Dascalu,

Owusu-Yeboah,

Lungu

et al. 2022

Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Construction. Architecture Section

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This article explores soil classification methods and the influence of using dispersing agents in various amounts for the soil particle size analysis. Laboratory testing with different dispersing agents was conducted to analyze the effects of sodium hexametaphosphate and lithium carbonate for two different soils with plasticity indices indicating one to be with low plasticity (PI = 8.23 %) and the other one with high plasticity (PI = 39 %). The article highlights differences in the granulometric fractions reported for each soil and usage of the same dispersing agent but in various amount. Thus, the classification of soils is influenced by the amount of the used dispersing agents, recommendations of standards being different in time and countries. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the anticipated behavior of fine soils and provide useful insights for various geotechnical applications.

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Effect of hydrometer type on particle size distribution of fine grained soil

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of Sodium Carbonate Concentration in Calgon on Hydrometer Analysis Results

Effect of Sodium Carbonate Concentration in Calgon on Hydrometer Analysis Results

The Effect of Hydrometer Type on the Influence of the Phosphate Dispersants on Particle Size Distribution of Soil Fines

The Influence of Dispersing Agents on Soil Particle Size Analysis

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