Effect of Human Serum on Killing Activity of Vancomycin and Teicoplanin against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

Stanley, D.L.; McGrath, B J; Lamp, Kenneth C.; Rybak, Michael J.

doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1994.tb02786.x

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The major drawback of vancomycin usage is auditory damage in humans; however, tinnitus and deafness might improve once the treatment is ceased. In addition to that, nausea, chills, phlebitis, severe hypotension, wheezing, dyspnoea, urticaria, and pruritus have been observed with the treatment of vancomycin in humans [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. In some instances, neutropenia was detected with prolonged therapy [ 64 ].…”

Section: Adverse Effect Of Vancomycinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining Its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy

Wijesekara

Kumbukgolla

Jayaweera

et al. 2017

Veterinary Sciences

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Vancomycin is one of the “last-line” classes of antibiotics used in the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Even though vancomycin was discovered in the 1950s, it was widely used after the 1980s for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, as the prevalence of these strains were increased. However, it is currently evident that vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci have developed for various reasons, including the use of avaparcin—an analog of vancomycin—as a feed additive in livestock. Therefore, prophylactic and empiric use of antibiotics and their analogues need to be minimized. Herein we discuss the rational use of vancomycin in treating humans, horses, farm animals, and pet animals such as dogs, cats, and rabbits. In present day context, more attention should be paid to the prevention of the emergence of resistance to antibiotics in order to maintain their efficacy. In order to prevent emergence of resistance, proper guidance for the responsible use of antimicrobials is indispensable. Therefore, almost all stakeholders who use antibiotics should have an in-depth understanding of the antibiotic that they use. As such, it is imperative to be aware of the important aspects of vancomycin. In the present review, efforts have been made to discuss the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, indications, emergence of resistance, control of resistance, adverse effects, and alternative therapy for vancomycin.

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Section: Adverse Effect Of Vancomycinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining Its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy

Wijesekara

Kumbukgolla

Jayaweera

et al. 2017

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Effect of proteins. The effect of proteins on the activities of LY333328 and vancomycin was compared by using microdilution MIC and killing curve methods in the presence and absence of albumin (4 g/dl) (Baxter) and 50% pooled healthy volunteer human serum (50% PHS) (1,8,16,17,31).…”

Section: Bacterial Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacodynamic evaluation of a new glycopeptide, LY333328, and in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium

Mercier

Houlihan

Rybak

1997

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The objectives of the present study were to compare the in vitro activity of LY333328 (LY) to that of vancomycin (V) alone and in combination with gentamicin (G) and rifampin (R) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and V-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF), by using the killing curve methods. In addition, the effect of the inoculum size and protein on LY's activity was evaluated by using MICs and killing curves. MICs, MBCs, and killing curves were determined with supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth (B), B with albumin (4 g/dl) (A), and B with 50% pooled human serum (S). For MRSA, time to 99.9% killing after exposure to LY at four times the MIC (4؋ MIC) was achieved at 0.5 ؎ 0 h (mean ؎ standard deviation) and was significantly faster than that by V (8.54 ؎ 0.10 h; P ‫؍‬ 0.001). Against VREF, LY decreased the inoculum by 2.2 log 10 CFU/ml at 24 h (P ‫؍‬ 0.002). With a large inoculum of MRSA, the activity of LY and V at 4؋ MIC was decreased compared to that with the standard inoculum (P ‫؍‬ 0.0003) and regrowth occurred at 24 h. The reduction in the number of CFU per milliliter at 24 h to 2 log 10 CFU/ml was restored by increasing the LY concentration to at least 16؋ MIC. At 24 h, the combinations of LY and G, LY and R, LY and V, and V and G were better than either LY or V alone against a large inoculum of MRSA (P ‫؍‬ 0.0002). LY and G achieved 99.9% killing at 1.01 ؎ 0.03 h and was more rapid (P < 0.007) than all the other regimens studied except for V and G, which achieved 99.9% killing at 3.59 ؎ 0.01 h. Killing curves determined with different media against a standard inoculum of MRSA did not demonstrate a significant difference between LY and V at 24 h. Time to 99.9% killing was more rapid with LY than with V in B, A, and S (P ‫؍‬ 0.0002). Times to 99.9% killing by LY in B, A, and S were not significantly different from each other. Against VREF, LY killed better than V in B, A, or S at 24 h (P ‫؍‬ 0.0002). LY in B was more active than LY in A or S (P ‫؍‬ 0.0002). LY is a new potent glycopeptide with a unique activity profile. It has a greater activity than that of V against MRSA and has activity against VREF. LY demonstrated synergism in combination with gentamicin against MRSA. LY was affected by large inoculum sizes and proteins in time-kill studies. However, the effect was compensated for by increasing the drug concentration to 16؋ MIC.

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“…While the intrinsic antibacterial activity of serum/plasma may have partly led to reduced bacterial counts, the fact that it was only detectable for this class of antibiotics is a strong indicator that there are other mechanisms behind this effect. Enhanced vancomycin activity in the presence of human [ 33 , 34 ] and rat [ 35 , 36 ] sera against S. aureus and enterococci, respectively, has been reported. Conversely, Stratton and Weeks [ 37 ] observed the decreased activity of vancomycin against different staphylococcal and enterococcal isolates in the presence of human serum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Soluble Factors Cause Changes in Staphylococcus epidermidis Antibiotic Susceptibility and Biofilm Formation Ability

Oliveira,

Gaio,

Brás

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is a major nosocomial pathogen with a remarkable ability to adhere to the surfaces of indwelling medical devices and form biofilms. Unlike other nosocomial pathogens, the interaction of S. epidermidis with host factors has not been the focus of substantial research. This study aimed to assess the alterations in the antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation ability of S. epidermidis in the presence of host serum factors. S. epidermidis strain RP62A was cultured in a laboratory culture medium with or without human serum/plasma, and changes in antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation, and gene expression were evaluated. The data obtained revealed that exposure to host serum factors increased the susceptibility of S. epidermidis to glycopeptide antibiotics and was also detrimental to biofilm formation. Gene expression analysis revealed downregulation of both dltA and fmtC genes shortly after human serum/plasma exposure. The importance of transferrin-mediated iron sequestration as a host anti-biofilm strategy against S. epidermidis was also emphasized. We have demonstrated that serum factors play a pivotal role as part of the host’s anti-infective strategy against S. epidermidis infections, highlighting the importance of incorporating such factors during in vitro studies with this pathogen.

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Effect of Human Serum on Killing Activity of Vancomycin and Teicoplanin against Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining Its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy

Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining Its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy

Pharmacodynamic evaluation of a new glycopeptide, LY333328, and in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium

Host Soluble Factors Cause Changes in Staphylococcus epidermidis Antibiotic Susceptibility and Biofilm Formation Ability

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