Effect of household and community interventions on the burden of tuberculosis in southern Africa: the ZAMSTAR community-randomised trial

Noncommunicable Lung Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa. A Community-based Cross-Sectional Study of Adults in Urban Malawi

“…The association with HIV raises the possibility that undiagnosed pulmonary TB may be responsible for part of this presentation (22)(23)(24)(25)(26). However, cough was less prevalent among younger age groups in whom the TB incidence would be expected to be highest.…”

Symptom reporting among prevalent tuberculosis cases who smoke, are HIV-positive or have hyperglycaemia

“…Sputum samples were collected and inoculated into MGIT™ (manual mycobacterial growth indicator tubes, BD, Sparks, MD, USA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis confirmed by 16SrRNA sequencing. 8 The study population comprised all adults with culture-confirmed TB. …”

Why test for tuberculosis? A qualitative study from South Africa

“…9 The Zambia South Africa Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Reduction (ZAM-STAR) trial, for example, the only study included in the review that directly evaluated impact on TB epidemiology, had inconclusive findings. 10 The same review did, however, find moderate evidence that screening increases the number of cases found in the short term, for example in South Africa, 11 Cambodia 12 and the Netherlands, 13 and that these cases were found earlier, and with less severe disease, in Cuba 14 and Mexico, for example. 15 A World Health Organization (WHO) review 16 found that screening methods could be perceived as beneficial in high-burden communities, whether conducted on the basis of symptoms, chest X-ray or sputum investigation.…”