Effect of graphene oxide on rheology, hydration and strength development of cement paste

Optimization of Mechanical and Setting Properties in Acrylic Bone Cements Added with Graphene Oxide

“…The effect of GO's sonication time has been studied in materials different from ABCs [42][43][44], and it has been found that this parameter is related to two key characteristics of GO: the lateral size and the thickness of the sheets [45,46]. Increasing the sonication time decreases the thickness and particle size, as previously reported [47].…”

“…Several researchers have highlighted the influence of the BPO content on the maximum temperature [5,6,55], finding that a higher BPO content can increase the concentration of free radicals available during polymerization, generating an increase in the amount of energy released during the reaction [11,56,57]. The sonication time is related to the degree of dispersion [50] and the thickness of the GO particle [44]. Longer exfoliation times decrease the size of GO [45,47] and possibly the heat dissipation capacity during the polymerization reaction due to the increase of the defects in the GO structure [49,50,58].…”

Graphene‐Based Cementitious Composites: Toward Next‐Generation Construction Technologies

“…The GO‐cement pastes feature with higher dissolution rate, [ 30 ] hydration rate, [ 30,36 ] as well as cumulative heat flow, [ 30,36,73 ] if compared to plain composites, being an indication of accelerated early age cement hydration and rapid nucleation of hydration crystals, albeit this effect may be also temporarily retarded, if PC is used to disperse GO nanosheets. [ 74,75 ] According to Li et al., [ 30 ] the hydration heat rate scales proportionally with the increase of GO loading, with higher magnitude of peaks in the hydration heat curve and the visible shift of the second peak suggesting the decreased hydration time (Figure 4b). Indeed, the calorimetric observations are confirmed by the mechanical tests: the highest increase of the strength of GO‐cement composites is typically noted for early stages of cement hydration.…”

“…In order to understand the origin of the improvement of mechanical properties as well as the underlaying strengthening mechanism of GO, a tremendous effort is devoted to the investigation of hydration process, microstructure, and composition of GO‐based cementitious composites. Initially, the rate of hydration heat development has been explored [ 30,36,73–75 ] by means of isothermal calorimetry, which provides direct insight into the early age hydration kinetics of cementitious composites. The GO‐cement pastes feature with higher dissolution rate, [ 30 ] hydration rate, [ 30,36 ] as well as cumulative heat flow, [ 30,36,73 ] if compared to plain composites, being an indication of accelerated early age cement hydration and rapid nucleation of hydration crystals, albeit this effect may be also temporarily retarded, if PC is used to disperse GO nanosheets.…”

“…On the other hand, Vallurupalli et al. [ 75 ] have suggested that GO contributes also in the extension of the chain length of CSH phase, whereas Wang et al. [ 28 ] have reported the highly reduced amount of Ca(OH) 2 in GO‐cement composites suggesting the formation of a new hydration product Ca(HCOO) 2 formed by chemical interaction between calcium hydroxide and COOH groups of GO.…”