Effect of Grape Seeds (Vitis vinifera L.) and Mandarin Peels (Citrus reticulate L.) Extracts on the Cardiotoxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Rats

Abstract

Aims: The current study was developed to investigate the influence of grape seeds (GS) and mandarin peels (MP) extracts as powerful antioxidants on the cardiotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in rats.
 Place of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University.
 Methodology: Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Group (1): Rats were received distilled water daily orally for 6 weeks and injected interperitoneally (i.p) with saline (0.9 %) (2.5 ml / kg BW) as single dose at the end of the sixth week of experiment. Group (2): Rats were received distilled water orally and injected with single dose of cyclophosphamide which dissolved in saline (200 mg/kg BW. i.p.) at the end of the sixth week of experiment. Groups (3 and 4): Rats were received grape seeds extracts low and high doses (150 and 300 mg /kg BW), respectively daily orally for 6 weeks then injected with cyclophosphamide as group 2. Groups (5 and 6): Rats were received mandarin peels extracts low and high doses (150 and 300 mg /kg BW), respectively daily orally for 6 weeks then injected with cyclophosphamide as group 2.
 Results: Our results documented that CP caused a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P), creatine kinase (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) enzymes activity and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level. While total antioxidant capacity level (TAC) showed a significant decrease. On the other hand cardiac catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and cardiac β cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) level showed a significant decrease in CP group while cardiac p53, caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation levels showed a significant increase in CP intoxicated group. Also, some histopathological changes were observed in liver and heart tissues in CP group. Oral administration of GS and MP caused an ameliorative effect in oxidative and apoptotic biomarkers, liver and heart function enzymes activity with an improvement of histopathological changes in liver and heart tissues.
 Conclusion: Our data proved that the protective effect of grape seeds and mandarin peels in cyclophosphamide intoxicated group may be due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti- apoptotic properties.

The Wine Industry By-Products: Applications for Food Industry and Health Benefits

“…The cardioprotective effects of grape seeds were explored in vivo, by inducing cardiotoxicity in rats with cyclophosphamide (a single dose of 200 mg/kg/body weight). The pretreatment with grape seed extracts (oral administration on rats, 150 and 300 mg/kg doses for 6 weeks) protected the liver and heart tissue and improved oxidative and apoptotic biomarkers, as well as the activity of liver and heart function enzymes [ 114 ]. A clinical trial was recently carried out to evaluate the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (400 mg) on blood pressure and vascular endothelial function in middle-aged Japanese adults with prehypertension.…”

Grapevine Wastes: A Rich Source of Antioxidants and Other Biologically Active Compounds

“…In the case of Cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity (a single dose of 200 mg/kg/b.w. ), a pretreatment consisting of grape seed extracts (oral administration on rats, 150 and 300 mg/kg doses for 6 weeks) has the ability to protect the liver and heart tissue, and may also have an ameliorating effect on oxidative and apoptotic biomarkers, as well as the activity of liver and heart function enzymes [ 115 ]. Grape seed extracts were also proven to possess the capacity to reduce two digestive enzymes, namely pancreatic lipases and α-glucosidases, thus having utility in preventing obesity [ 116 ].…”