Effect of furfuryl alcohol addition on the cure of furfuryl alcohol resin used in the glassy carbon manufacture

Abstract

Glassy carbon can be manufactured practically without pores, named Monolithic Vitreous Carbon (MVC) or presenting up to 98% in transport pore volume, foam form, denominated Reticulated Vitreous Carbon (RVC). The glassy carbon processing is affected by some processing parameters, among them it can be cited the resin viscosity. The present work involves the optimization of RVC manufacture by monitoring the polyurethane (PU) foam impregnation with furfuryl alcohol resin with different viscosity values, which were obtained by dilution of the resin with different amounts of furfuryl alcohol. The resin samples used in the PU impregnation were characterized by thermal and rheological analyses. These results were correlated with scanning electron microscopy observations and compression test results of the impregnated polyurethane foam. The results show that the rheological behavior of the resin has significant influence on the polymerization step, affecting the homogeneity of impregnated foam and, consequently, its final properties, mainly the mechanical one. The impregnated foam prepared with the furfuryl alcohol resin diluted with 10% of furfuryl alcohol (h 5 11.4 Pa s) showed higher compression values (0.26 MPa).

Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior and Permeability of 3D Printed Sandstone Analogues Under Triaxial Conditions

“…shear localization materialized in a failure plane, the high-pressure sensitivity of the specimens might be explained by a heterogeneous damage concentration, preferentially in weakly bound zones. During hydrostatic compaction, the brittle failure behavior of the cured Furan resin (Gaefke et al 2007) could induce continuous rupture of bounding necks, which reduced the structural stability of specific regions of the specimens. This phenomenon translated into The curve-fitting of the experimental data from the 3D printed specimens with the relationship proposed by Pedrosa et al (1986), indicate that sandstone analogues are a highly pressure-sensitive material progressive grain re-accommodation and accretion and therefore permeability reduction.…”

“…In addition, at the last stages of curing, one of the products of this reaction when it is completed at the atmospheric temperature, is water. Once generated, this fluid is going to remain inside the specimen's pores and can generate ring hydrolysis of the monomers (McKillip et al 1989) as well as macro-pores within the resin (Gaefke et al 2007), which diminishes the ultimate strength of the material. Increasing the temperature of the environment at which this reaction occurs, can benefit the PFA polymerization reaction by catalyzing it (i.e.…”

A new use for glassy carbon: Development of LDPE/glassy carbon composites for antistatic packaging applications

“…GC is widely used in different applications, for instance the medical, electrochemical, and aerospace industries . GC is an isotropic and nongraphitizable carbon material obtained from the carbonization of thermosetting resins, at a temperature of at least 1000 °C.…”

Viscosity, pH, and moisture effect in the porosity of poly(furfuryl alcohol)

“…The interest in obtaining the PFA is due to the fact of presenting a high density of crosslinks when cured which, when subjected to heat treatment of carbonization up to at least 1000°C in the absence of oxygen, results in a type of nongraphitizing material called vitreous carbon. The vitreous carbon has, as main features, good mechanical strength, good thermal and electrical conductivities, it is biocompatible, and it presents low density 3–5…”

“…In previous works,3,10,11 our group has been working with commercial PFA resins that didn't have uniform characteristics of viscosity, pH, and moisture. This lack of uniformity requires constant processing adjustments in every new lot to be used to obtain the vitreous carbon.…”