Effect of fuel structure on emissions from a spark-ignited engine

Kaiser, E. W.; Siegl, Walter O.; Henig, Y. I.; Anderson, Richard W.; Trinker, Frederick H.

doi:10.1021/es00024a004

Cited by 130 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hydrogen abstraction from alkanes occurs in the combustion process to form (6,7). These results are consistent with other work in which pure isooctane in a fuel-injected four-cylinder engine produced olefins that accounted for 45 to 60% of the THC (24).…”

Section: Fuel Paraffin Contentsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Therefore, the replacement of aromatics with paraffins should result in lower engine-out NOx emissions. Such effects were observed in the single-cylinder engine emission studies (7). However, no significant change in NOx was observed when the aromatics were reduced from 45 to 20% in the Auto /Oil program (Table 6).…”

Section: Fuel Paraffin Contentmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The relati dance of methane and acetylene i during fuel-rich operation. The al of propylene and isobutene (con products of isooctane) remained unchanged under lean conditions to rich conditions (7).…”

Section: Exhaust Hydrocarbon Distribution Hydroarbon Species Formed Dmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…T90 is a measure of the temperature at which 90% of the fuel volatilizes during distillation. The higher HC emissions observed using a higher T90 fuel were probably because of the combined effects of the increased absorption of the heavier hydrocarbons in oil films, on metal surfaces, and in cylinder deposits (6,7) and because of the combined effects of the slower postflame combustion rates for these hydrocarbons, especially the heavy aromatics. Reduction in T90 also resulted in the reduction of 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (Table 4).…”

Section: Fuel Volatilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments performed using single-com- ) 2(0) 3(0) 4(0) 5(0) 6(1) 7(1) 8(4) 9(7) 15) was twice that of lean conditio 0.90), when pure toluene was used in the single-cylinder engine (7).…”

Section: Exhaust Hydrocarbon Distribution Hydroarbon Species Formed Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The Relationship between Gasoline Composition and Vehicle Hydrocarbon Emissions: A Review of Current Studies and Future Research Needs

Schuetzle¹,

Siegl²,

Jensen³

et al. 1994

Environmental Health Perspectives

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this paper is to review current studies concerning the relationship of fuel composition to vehicle engine-out and tail-pipe emissions and to outline future research needed in this area. A number of recent combustion experiments and vehicle studies demonstrated that reformulated gasoline can reduce vehicle engine-out, tail-pipe, running-loss, and evaporative emissions. Some of these studies were extended to understand the fundamental relationships between fuel composition and emissions. To further establish these relationships, it was necessary to develop advanced analytical methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydrocarbons in fuels and vehicle emissions. The development of real-time techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, laser diode spectroscopy, and atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry were useful in studying the transient behavior of exhaust emissions under various engine operating conditions. Laboratory studies using specific fuels and fuel blends were carried out using pulse flame combustors, single-and multicylinder engines, and vehicle fleets. Chemometric statistical methods were used to analyze the large volumes of emissions data generated from these studies. Models were developed that were able to accurately predict tail-pipe emissions from fuel chemical and physical compositional data. Some of the primary fuel precursors for benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and C2-C4 alkene emissions are described. These studies demonstrated that there is a strong relationship between gasoline composition and tail-pipe emissions. -Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 4): 3-12 (1994).

show abstract

Section: Fuel Paraffin Contentsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Fuel Paraffin Contentmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Exhaust Hydrocarbon Distribution Hydroarbon Species Formed Dmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Fuel Volatilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments performed using single-com- ) 2(0) 3(0) 4(0) 5(0) 6(1) 7(1) 8(4) 9(7) 15) was twice that of lean conditio 0.90), when pure toluene was used in the single-cylinder engine (7).…”

Section: Exhaust Hydrocarbon Distribution Hydroarbon Species Formed Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Relationship between Gasoline Composition and Vehicle Hydrocarbon Emissions: A Review of Current Studies and Future Research Needs

Schuetzle¹,

Siegl²,

Jensen³

et al. 1994

Environmental Health Perspectives

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

High resolution gas chromatographic determination of the atmospheric reactivity of engine‐out hydrocarbon emissions from a spark‐ignited engine

Kaiser¹,

Siegl²

1994

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryThe reactivities of engine-out exhaust hydrocarbon (HC) emissions in photochemical smog formation have been determined for three fuels (isooctane, an aromatic blend, and a gasoline) in a single-cylinder, spark-ignited engine. High resolution capillary GC was used to determine the mole fractions of the exhaust hydrocarbon species. Temperature programmed chromatography on a single capillary column was sufficient to separate the major exhaust species. A library of approximately 160 hydrocarbon species was used to identify typically 90-95 YO of the HC species present. GC-MS was used selectively to verify peak assignments.The effect of engine operating parameters (fuel-to-air ratio, spark timing, and speed) on reactivity was examined. Engine operating parameters affect both total emissions [g/mile] and the specific atmospheric reactivity [g ozone/g HC emissions] of these emissions. Changing the operating parameters to control total emissions may not be as effective as expected in controlling the total reactivity [g ozone/mile] of the emissions because the specific reactivity can also change simultaneously. Effects of changes in operating parameters differ significantly as the type of fuel is varied. The ability to measure exhaust hydrocarbon species emissions accurately and quickly will increase in importance as reactivity-based emissions standards come into widespread use.

show abstract

Characterization of sixty alkenes in a cat-cracked gasoline naphtha by gas chromatography

1994

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The alkene-rich petrol fraction from refinery fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) has been characterized by GC and GC-MS. Quantitative proportions and retention data of 52 acyclic and 11 cyclic C S -C 7 alkenes are given. Relative retentions are reported for methylsilicone and aluminium oxide stationary phases as methylene units (MU). Applications of mass spectra, single-ion GC-MS monitoring and retention data for identifications are demonstrated.

show abstract

Effect of fuel structure on emissions from a spark-ignited engine

Cited by 130 publications

References 4 publications

The Relationship between Gasoline Composition and Vehicle Hydrocarbon Emissions: A Review of Current Studies and Future Research Needs

The Relationship between Gasoline Composition and Vehicle Hydrocarbon Emissions: A Review of Current Studies and Future Research Needs

High resolution gas chromatographic determination of the atmospheric reactivity of engine‐out hydrocarbon emissions from a spark‐ignited engine

Characterization of sixty alkenes in a cat-cracked gasoline naphtha by gas chromatography

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About