Effect of Feeding Organic Acid With or Without Enzyme on Intestinal Microflora, Intestinal Enzyme Activity and Performance of Weaned Pigs

Li, Defa; Liu, S. D.; Qiao, Shiyan; Yi, G. F.; Liang, Chan; Thacker, P. A.

doi:10.5713/ajas.1999.411

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In this study, we failed to find diets supplemented with organic acids to alter the small intestinal villus morphology or digestive enzyme activity. These results are similar to the previous findings in weaned pigs supplemented with 0.5% organic acids which does not affect on the trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase activity in small intestinal content (Li et al, 1999) or neonatal piglets supplemented with 0.3% butyrate on brush border enzyme activities (Kotunia et al, 2004). However, one study has been found that diets supplemented with organic acids increase the gastric pepsin and pancreatic prote-ase activities (Eidelsburger et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of diets supplemented with organic acids and nucleotides on growth, immune responses and digestive tract development in weaned pigs

Lee

Liu

Chen

et al. 2007

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Sixty-eight (Experiment 1, 46 days feeding) and sixteen (Experiment 2, 21 days feeding) 21-days-old weaned pigs were allotted to four dietary treatments including control, 0.6% organic acids (OA), 0.1% nucleotides (NA) and 0.6% OA plus 0.1% NA for determining the dietary effects. In Experiment 1, OA enhanced peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation on day 28 and 46. The plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) A level was elevated by OA (p < 0.06) and NA (p < 0.07), respectively. In Experiment 2, NA increased plasma IgM level, and had an interactive effect with OA on ileal Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph node lymphocyte proliferation, bile and plasma IgA levels, and jejunal crypt depth. NA elevated gastric pepsin and jejunal alkaline phosphatase activities, however, decreased ileal aminopeptidase N, sucrase or maltase activity. These results suggest that OA and NA have synergistically enhanced the gut-associated lymphocyte responses and NA modulates the digestive tract development of weaned pigs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of diets supplemented with organic acids and nucleotides on growth, immune responses and digestive tract development in weaned pigs

Lee

Liu

Chen

et al. 2007

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…(2011) demonstrated that no effective interaction between xylanase and citric acid was observed in any measured responses. The findings of ( Li et al., 1999 ) support these results which indicated that feeding organic acids and a multi-enzyme either alone or together produced no significant improvement in growth performance of the pigs. Therefore, keeping in view the mentioned properties of organic acids, it can be noted that the better growth performance in broiler chickens fed XG + A in the present experiment may be due to the change in the pH of the gut by the acidifier supplement resulting to make an optimum acidity condition for exogenous enzyme activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Influence of dietary carbohydrases, individually or in combination with phytase or an acidifier, on performance, gut morphology and microbial population in broiler chickens fed a wheat-based diet

et al. 2019

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The objective of this study was to examine the effects of dietary carbohydrases (xylanase and β-glucanase; XG), individually or in combination with phytase or acidifier on the growth performance, carcass attributes, intestinal microbial counts and morphology in broiler chickens fed a wheat-based diet. A total of 240 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates of 10 birds each. The dietary treatments included a basal diet, the basal diet with an enzyme complex containing XG, XG plus a microbial phytase (XG + P) and XG plus acidifier (XG + A). The results indicated that feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in broiler chickens which received XG + A during the entire production period (1 to 35 d) of the trial ( P < 0.05). The broiler chickens fed XG + P had lower feed intake compared with the control group at 29 to 35 d of age. The experimental treatments had no effect on the body weight gain of broiler chickens. In carcass traits, except for spleen ( P < 0.05), the dietary treatments had no effects on the carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. The birds which received diets supplemented with XG and XG + A had a lower weight of the spleen compare with the control. Addition of XG in combination with phytase (XG + P) resulted in a decrease in ileal enumeration of Escherichia coli at 35 d of age ( P < 0.05). However, dietary treatments did not alter the population of ileal Lactobacilli in broiler chickens. Supplementing carbohydrases with phytase and acidifier (XG + P and XG + A) significantly increased the intestinal villus length at 35 d of age ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that supplementation of the wheat-based diet with a combination with carbohydrases and acidifier (XG + A) improves FCR in broiler chickens. Furthermore, combinations of carbohydrases with phytase (XG + P) and with acidifier (XG + A) decrease the E. coli counts and increase the villus length in broiler chickens.

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“…Nevertheless, the effects of enzyme supplementation on performance or nutrient digestibility of pigs fed corn-based diets, as reported in literature, are not consistent. Some studies show positive responses to enzyme supplementation (Jakob et al, 2005a;Fang et al, 2007;Ji et al, 2008), but others fail to show any effects (Li et al, 1999;Kim et al, 2004). Gorn contains approximately 7 to 9% NSP, mainly insoluble arabinoxylans (Dierick and Decuypere, 1996;Summers, 2001), whereas soybean meal contains approximately 3% soluble NSP and 16% insoluble NSP (Irish and Balnave, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Wheat-barley-rye- or corn-fed growing pigs respond differently to dietary supplementation with a carbohydrase complex

Willamil

Badiola

Devillard³

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Science

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Thirty-six pigs (22 kg of BW) were used to evaluate a carbohydrase preparation, with xylanase and β-glucanase as main activities, added to either wheat-barley-rye- (WBR) or corn-based diets on performance, intestinal environment, and nutrient digestibility. Pigs were offered 1 of 4 different dietary treatments for 27 d according to a factorial arrangement of treatments (a 2 × 2) with 2 cereal types (WBR or corn) and 2 levels of supplemental carbohydrase (0 or 0.01%). Pig growth and feed intake were individually measured every week until the end of the experiment when pigs were slaughtered to obtain samples of digesta and tissues. Cereal type affected performance only during wk 1, in which WBR improved ADG (590 vs. 440 g/d; P = 0.008) and G:F (0.61 vs. 0.43; P = 0.045) compared with corn. The WBR also increased the viscosity of the digestive contents in stomach (1.95 vs. 1.23 mPa·s; P = 0.001) and ileum (6.53 vs. 2.80 mPa·s; P = 0.001) and resulted in greater cecal starch digestibility (95.7 vs. 93.9%; P = 0.012). However, trends for a reduction in digestibility were observed for glucose in the nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) fraction in the ileum (64.4 vs. 75.8%; P = 0.074) and galactose in the NSP fraction in the cecum (1.4 vs. 1.8%; P = 0.055). The use of the enzyme preparation increased ADFI during wk 2 (1,328 vs. 1,215 g/d; P = 0.028), and increased villus height (423 vs. 390 µm; P = 0.045) and tended to reduce relative pancreas weight (0.16 vs. 0.17% BW; P = 0.079) at d 27. The enzyme also improved cecal starch digestibility (95.5 vs. 94.1%; P = 0.043) and tended to improve ileal energy digestibility (61.3 vs. 53.7%; P = 0.090) and cecal glucose digestibility in the NSP fraction (76.0 vs. 54.5%; P = 0.055). However, it reduced the cecal digestibility of mannose in the NSP fraction (27.0 vs. 50.5%; P = 0.016). Interactions (P < 0.05) between cereal type and enzyme supplementation were observed for ADG and G:F during wk 2, BW and ADG during wk 3, and BW and ADFI over the whole trial; and also for villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio and for cecal DM digestibility. In all instances, whereas the added enzyme had no effect in the case of the corn diet, improvements were observed with WBR. In conclusion, the multi-enzyme tested had different effects depending on the type of cereal present in the diet.

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Effect of Feeding Organic Acid With or Without Enzyme on Intestinal Microflora, Intestinal Enzyme Activity and Performance of Weaned Pigs

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of diets supplemented with organic acids and nucleotides on growth, immune responses and digestive tract development in weaned pigs

Effects of diets supplemented with organic acids and nucleotides on growth, immune responses and digestive tract development in weaned pigs

Influence of dietary carbohydrases, individually or in combination with phytase or an acidifier, on performance, gut morphology and microbial population in broiler chickens fed a wheat-based diet

Wheat-barley-rye- or corn-fed growing pigs respond differently to dietary supplementation with a carbohydrase complex

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