Effect of feeding frequency and sow parity based on isocaloric intake during gestation on sow performance

Manu, Hayford; Lee, Suhyup; Ren, Peiyu; Pangeni, D; Yang, Xiaojian; Baidoo, Samuel K

doi:10.1093/jas/skz099

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, once the dietary glucose has been metabolized, the sow must rely on stored energy to maintain her energy status ( Serena et al, 2009 ; Feyera et al, 2018 , 2019 ). This is consistent with the literature reporting that decreasing the time from last meal to the onset of farrowing can reduce the stillborn number ( Feyera et al, 2018 ; Manu et al, 2019 ). This raises the suggestion that specific feeding regimes, such as increasing feeding frequency, could be used to tailor transition diets to the sow’s needs to optimize her farrowing and post-farrowing performance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Selection for larger litter sizes has resulted in a renewed focus on management strategies to prepare the sow for a faster farrowing to optimize born alive and piglet preweaning survival. A common problem associated with larger litters is a longer farrowing duration, which may result from an energy deficit in the sow and/or complications during the expulsion process ( Manu et al, 2017 , 2019 ). The relationship between a prolonged farrowing duration and increase stillbirth rate or reduce neonatal viability are well known ( van Dijk et al, 2005 ; Oliviero et al, 2010 ; Langendijk et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased feeding frequency prior to farrowing: effects on sow performance

Tucker

Petrovski

Craig³

et al. 2022

Translational Animal Science

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Reducing the interval between the consumption of her last meal and the start of farrowing is suggested to increase the energy available to sows during farrowing, potentially reducing farrowing duration and easing piglet births. The present study aimed to examine whether increasing feeding frequency from one to two feeds within standard production hours (0700 to 1500) would produce a difference in farrowing duration and/or stillborn numbers. From entry to farrowing crates (110 ±1d gestation) to farrowing (116 ±1d gestation), multiparous sows (n = 118) were fed a daily fixed amount of feed either once at 0800 h or in two meals at 0800 h and 1300 h. Sow weights and backfat depths were recorded on entry and exit from the farrowing crate. Litter size and weight were recorded at 24 h after farrowing and at d 21 of lactation. Sows fed twice had shorter farrowing durations and fewer stillborn piglets than those fed once (2.21 ± 0.56 h vs 3.25 ± 0.52 h; P = 0.001). The interaction between treatment and farrowing duration showed that sows fed twice having a reduced farrowing duration had significantly lower stillborn rates than those fed once or those fed twice with longer farrowing durations (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that increasing feeding frequency prior to farrow can reduce farrowing duration and stillborn numbers in some sows, however, some sows remain with a high stillborn rate regardless of feeding frequency. Piglet average daily gain was greater in once-fed sows, but fewer of these sows remained in the herd at subsequent farrowing. Further, subsequent total born and born alive were higher in twice-fed sows. Feeding sows at a higher frequency can improve farrowing performance in some sows and could increase the longevity of the sow in the herd.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased feeding frequency prior to farrowing: effects on sow performance

Tucker

Petrovski

Craig³

et al. 2022

Translational Animal Science

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“…Intuitively, increasing the feeding frequency for pregnant sows should improve satiation and their welfare because energy for stereotypic behaviors could decline and enhanced productivity. In support of this theory, twice daily feeding tended to improve gestating sow’s back fat gains, reduced the number of stillborn, and increased the number of piglet wean relative to control sows fed once daily ( Manu et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Nutrients met or exceeded NRC (2012) nutrient requirements for gestation sows. The chemical composition of the diet was previously reported ( Manu et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral and cortisol responses to feeding frequency in pregnant sows under isocaloric intake

Manu

Lee²,

Keyes³

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

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The study focused on behavioral and cortisol responses to feeding frequency in pregnant sows under iso-caloric intake. Twenty-four sows [(Landrace × Yorkshire); BW 216.70 ± 3.98 kg; parity 3.04 ± 0.53] were balanced for parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 feeding frequency regimes. Sows were fed corn-soybean meal-based diet 1× [0730 (Control), T1], 2× [half ration at 0730 and 1530 h, T2], or 3× [one third portion at 0730, 1130, and 1530 h, T3] from days 30 to 60 of gestation. Sows received 7055 kcal ME/d during gestation from 2.21 kg of diet formulated to contain SID Lys/ME of 1.71 g/Mcal. Saliva samples were collected every 2 hours from 0630 to 1830 h on d 52 and assayed for cortisol using ELISA procedure. Behavior data were collected for 7 d from d 53 of gestation by affixing a remote insights ear tag to each sow. Each sow had 120,960 data points categorized into: "Active", "Feed" or "Dormant". Because of housing constraint, all sows were housed in individual stalls in the same room presenting a potential limitation of the study. The data were analyzed using PROC MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS 9.4 for cortisol and behavior count data, respectively. Sow was the experimental unit. The area under the curve (AUC) is quantitative evaluation of response as threshold varies over all possible values. The T2 sows had reduced 12-h cortisol AUC compared with control sows (P = 0.024) and T3 sows (P = 0.004), respectively. The T2 sows had lower 3-h (P = 0.039) and 5-h (P = 0.015) post-feeding cortisol AUC compared with control sows. Feed anticipatory activity (FAA), 24-h total activity, and feeding activities (eating and/or sham chewing) were reduced for T2 sows relative to the control and T3 sows (P < 0.01). Consequently, T2 sows had lower 24-h total activity (P < 0.001) and feeding activities (P < 0.001) AUC compared with both the control and T3 sows, respectively. The T3 sows had greater FAA (P < 0.001) and 24-hour total activity AUC (P = 0.010) compared with control sows. Our data although inconclusive due to small sample size, twice daily feeding appears to be the threshold that reduces sows’ total activity AUC, feeding activity AUC, and activation of HPA axis, reduced hunger, and exhibit potential to improve sow welfare in relation to once and thrice daily feeding regimes under iso-caloric intake per kilogram live metabolic weight.

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