Effect of Fasting on Intestinal Motility and Transit in Albino Wistar Rats

Obembe, A; Okon, V. E.; Ofutet, Emmanuel Oleba; Ayitu, R.A.

doi:10.3923/tmr.2015.63.68

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Food consumption induces dynamic changes in the GI tract (Varum et al, 2013;Abuhelwa et al, 2017;O'Shea et al, 2018) including luminal fluid volume and composition, and patterns of intestinal motility which ultimately affect the transit time of dosage forms (Ofutet et al, 2015;Ibekwe et al, 2008;Fadda et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2009). The understanding of the influence of food on P-gp expression in rodents, its potential difference between sexes and its implications for oral drug delivery are still in its infancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P-glycoprotein expression in the gastrointestinal tract of male and female rats is influenced differently by food

Liu

Yang

Madla

et al. 2018

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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The aim of this study was to explore the influence of food on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) relative expression in both male and female rats, and its effect on intestinal permeation of P-gp substrates (ranitidine and ganciclovir) and a P-gp non-substrate (metformin). The intestine of 12 male and 12 female Wistar rats were excised and segmented into the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. P-gp extracted from each segment was then determined via Western-blotting. In male rats, the relative P-gp expression decreased significantly after food intake in all segments of the intestine except in the duodenum. The most notable change was demonstrated in the colon where relative expression decreased from 1.75 ± 0.36 in the fasted-state to 0.31 ± 0.15 in the fed-state. In female rats, a fundamentally different result was observed. Food ingestion resulted in a significant increase in relative P-gp expression in all regions of the intestine except in the colon. The largest difference was observed in the jejunum of the fed-state female rat intestine where P-gp expression was 1.76 ± 0.95 which was a six-fold increase from the fasted state at 0.34 ± 0.13. Intestinal permeation studies in an Ussing chamber showed that both ganciclovir and ranitidine exhibited a sex difference in intestinal permeability in the fasted-state. No sex differences and food effects were observed on metformin small intestine permeability. The permeability results of the three drugs highly supported that there was a sex-related food effect on P-gp function in the small intestine. In summary, the current study reports stark differences between male and female rats at a physiological level relating to P-gp expression and the influence of food.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P-glycoprotein expression in the gastrointestinal tract of male and female rats is influenced differently by food

Liu

Yang

Madla

et al. 2018

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…It has been reported that acute fasting or restricted energy intake may have a direct or indirect effect on gastrointestinal motility through satiety hormones ( 31 – 33 ). In our Cx3cr1-Dtr rats, we have consistently reported a decrease in body weight ( Figure 2A ) as well as food intake ( 17 ) upon DT injection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage regulation of the “second brain”: CD163 intestinal macrophages interact with inhibitory interneurons to regulate colonic motility - evidence from the Cx3cr1-Dtr rat model

Yip,

Xavier,

Balasuriya

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Intestinal macrophages are well-studied for their conventional roles in the immune response against pathogens and protecting the gut from chronic inflammation. However, these macrophages may also have additional functional roles in gastrointestinal motility under typical conditions. This is likely to occur via both direct and indirect influences on gastrointestinal motility through interaction with myenteric neurons that contribute to the gut-brain axis, but this mechanism is yet to be properly characterised. The CX3CR1 chemokine receptor is expressed in the majority of intestinal macrophages, so we used a conditional knockout Cx3cr1-Dtr (diphtheria toxin receptor) rat model to transiently ablate these cells. We then utilized ex vivo video imaging to evaluate colonic motility. Our previous studies in brain suggested that Cx3cr1-expressing cells repopulate by 7 days after depletion in this model, so we performed our experiments at both the 48 hr (macrophage depletion) and 7-day (macrophage repopulation) time points. We also investigated whether inhibitory neuronal input driven by nitric oxide from the enteric nervous system is required for the regulation of colonic motility by intestinal macrophages. Our results demonstrated that CD163-positive resident intestinal macrophages are important in regulating colonic motility in the absence of this major inhibitory neuronal input. In addition, we show that intestinal macrophages are indispensable in maintaining a healthy intestinal structure. Our study provides a novel understanding of the interplay between the enteric nervous system and intestinal macrophages in colonic motility. We highlight intestinal macrophages as a potential therapeutic target for gastrointestinal motility disorders when inhibitory neuronal input is suppressed.

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Stress–strain analysis of duodenal contractility in response to flow and ramp distension in rabbits fed low‐fiber diet

Liu

Zhao

Liao

et al. 2018

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Background Previously we demonstrated that low‐fiber diet in rabbits affects the passive mechanomorphological properties in the small intestine, resulting in reduced intestinal wall thickness and collagen content, as well as intestinal wall softening. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contractility in rabbits on long‐term low‐fiber diet and specifically to compare the contraction threshold, the frequency, and the amplitude of flow‐induced and distension‐induced contractions in the duodenum between rabbits on normal diet and on long‐term low‐fiber diet. Methods Ten rabbits were fed a low‐fiber diet for 5 months (Intervention group), and five rabbits were fed normal diet (Control group). The duodenal segments were used for determination of mechanical parameters for analyses of contractility. The duodenal experiments were carried out in organ baths containing physiological Krebs solution. Pressure and diameter changes induced by contractions in response to flow and ramp distension were measured. The frequencies and amplitude of contractions were analyzed. Distension‐induced contraction thresholds and maximum contraction amplitude of flow‐induced contractions were calculated in terms of mechanical stress and strain. Multiple linear regression analyses were applied to study dependencies between contractility parameters and wall thickness, wall area, and muscle layer thickness. Key results During distension, the pressure, stress, and strain thresholds for induction of phasic contraction were biggest in the Intervention Group (P < 0.05). In addition, the contraction frequencies during flow‐induced contraction were highest in the Intervention Group (P < 0.05), whereas the maximum contraction amplitudes in terms of pressure, diameter, stress, and strain were lowest in the Intervention Group (P < 0.05). The contraction thresholds and contraction frequencies were negatively associated with the wall thickness, wall area, and muscle layer thickness, whereas maximum contraction amplitudes were positively associated with the wall thickness, wall area, and muscle layer thickness. Conclusions and inferences Duodenal contractility in rabbits fed with long‐term low‐fiber diet exhibited low contraction amplitudes and high contraction thresholds and frequencies. The changes were associated with the low‐fiber diet‐induced histomorphological remodeling. Studies on detailed structural and functional diet‐induced changes in smooth muscle and intestinal nerves are needed for better understanding the remodeling mechanisms.

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Effect of Fasting on Intestinal Motility and Transit in Albino Wistar Rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

P-glycoprotein expression in the gastrointestinal tract of male and female rats is influenced differently by food

P-glycoprotein expression in the gastrointestinal tract of male and female rats is influenced differently by food

Macrophage regulation of the “second brain”: CD163 intestinal macrophages interact with inhibitory interneurons to regulate colonic motility - evidence from the Cx3cr1-Dtr rat model

Stress–strain analysis of duodenal contractility in response to flow and ramp distension in rabbits fed low‐fiber diet

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