Effect of expectancy and personality on cortical excitability in Parkinson's disease

Abstract

Background Our previous studies in PD have shown that both levodopa and expectancy of receiving levodopa reduce cortical excitability. We designed this study to evaluate how degree of expectancy and other individual factors modulate placebo response in Parkinson’s patients. Methods Twenty-six Parkinson’s patients were randomized to one of three groups: 0%, 50% and 100% expectancy of receiving levodopa. All subjects received placebo regardless of expectancy group. Subjects completed the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. Cortical excitability was measured by the amplitude of motor evoked potential (MEP) evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Objective physical fatigue of Extensor carpi radialis before and after placebo levodopa was also measured. Responders were defined as subjects who responded to the placebo levodopa with a decrease in MEP. Results Degree of expectancy had a significant effect on MEP response (p<0.05). Subjects in the 50% and 100% expectancy groups responded with a decrease in MEP, while those in the 0% expectancy group responded with an increase in MEP (p<0.05). Responders tended to be more open to experience than non-responders. There were no significant changes in objective physical fatigue between the expectancy groups, or between responders and non-responders. Conclusions Expectancy is associated with changes in cortical excitability. Further studies are needed to examine the relationship between personality and placebo effect in Parkinson’s patients.

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“…Red = nigrostriatal pathway; green = mesolimbic pathway; dashed arrows indicate the connections that require further investigation. = Strafella et al 2006, Lidstone et al 2010, Lou et al 2013, Espay et al 2015 . = de la Fuente‐Fernández et al 2002, Strafella et al 2006, Lidstone et al 2010 .…”

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