Effect of expandable graphite particle size on the flame retardant, mechanical, and thermal properties of water‐blown semi‐rigid polyurethane foam

Li, Yi; Zou, Jing; Zhou, Shengtai; Yang, Chen; Zou, Huawei; Liang, Mei; Luo, Wenzhou

doi:10.1002/app.39885

Cited by 51 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The differences between 3D and T‐EVA/EG (10 wt%) materials could be explained by three factors: (1) the EG particles size, lower after 3D printing. These smaller EG particles lead to lower graphite expansion, to a less cohesive entangled network and thus to lower thermal protective performances (Figure C). (2) The higher porosity observed in the 3D printed materials might also decrease the cohesion of the entangled network, thus damaging the fire protective properties of 3D‐materials compared to T‐materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of fire‐retardant ethylene‐vinyl acetate

Geoffroy

Samyn

Jimenez

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Thermocompression (with also extrusion and injection molding) is a classical polymer shaping manufacturing, but it does not easily allow designing sophisticated shapes without using a complex mold, on the contrary to 3D printing (or polymer additive manufacturing), which is a very flexible technique. Among all 3D printing techniques, fused deposition modeling is of high potential for product manufacturing, with the capability to compete with conventional polymer processing techniques. This is a quite low cost 3D printing technique, but the range of filaments commercially available is limited. However, in some specific 3D printing processes, no filaments are necessary. Polymers pellets feed directly the printing nozzle allowing to investigate many polymeric matrices with no commercial limitation. This is of high interest for the design of flame‐retarded materials, but literature is scarce in that field. In this paper, a comparison between thermocompression and 3D printing processes was performed on both neat ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer and EVA flame retarded with aluminum triHydroxyde (ATH) containing different loadings (30 or 65 wt%) and with expandable graphite (EG), ie, EVA/ATH (30 wt%), EVA/ATH (65 wt%), and EVA/EG (10 wt%), respectively. Morphological comparisons, using microscopic and electronic microprobe analyses, revealed that 3D printed plates have lower apparent density and higher porosity than thermocompressed plate. The fire‐retardant properties of thermocompressed and 3D printed plates were then evaluated using mass loss calorimeter test at 50 kW/m2. Results highlight that 3D printing can be used to produce flame‐retardant systems. This work is a pioneer study exploring the feasibility of using polymer additive manufacturing technology for designing efficient flame‐retarded materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of fire‐retardant ethylene‐vinyl acetate

Geoffroy

Samyn

Jimenez

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…For example, boric acid can be bonded on EG surface by the silane coupling agent (KH550) . Finally, it has been confirmed that EG expansion volume and its particle size have the effects on the flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of polymer composites .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of different size‐modified expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, physical, and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam

Pang

Xin

Shi

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this study, three different sizes of tripolyphosphate‐modified expandable graphite (EGp) are prepared and incorporated into rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) in order to obtain a flame retardant material with low density, good mechanical properties, and hydrophobicity. The influence of particle size on material combustibility, thermal stability, compression strength, pore cell structure, diathermancy, and hydrophobic property is investigated. Synergistic effect between the EGp and ammonium polyphosphate (APP II) is also examined. Results show the limiting oxygen index value and residue yield increase as the EGp size increases. On the contrary, the heat release rate and total heat release decrease as the EGP size increases. In addition, the chemical char formation effect of APP on RPUF is more important than the char formation of the graphite intercalation compounds. EGp and APP show synergistic effect in improving flame retardancy, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1381–1394 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…The HB test is a method which is generally applied to assess the extent and the linear burning rate of the horizontal combustion [21]. Table 4 summarizes the HB data of the neat EMB and brucite/EMB composites.…”

Section: Horizontal Burningmentioning

confidence: 99%