Effect of Euphorbia Peplus Plant Extract and the Antihelmenthic Prazequantel on the Defence System of Biomphalaria Alexandria Snail

Abstract

T he effect of sublethal concentrations of£ pephis water suspension and praziquantel water solution on the defense system of Biomphalaria cdexandrina was examined by laboratory experiments.The mean number of haemocytes decreased insignificantly after the first week of snail exposure to the plant extract-Thereafter, a significant increase occurred after the second week of exposure. Treatment with praziquantel showed a significant increase in haemocytes after the 3 rd and 4 lh weeks of exposure. Haemocytosis represents a response to external stress or certain stimuli. The haemocytes showed behavioral as well as structural changes after long exposure to the tested mollusclcides. The cells had many cytoplasmic inclusions and produce many long spike-like pseudopodia. Haemocytes exhibited an enhanced tendency to aggregate in clusters. Such alterations may be indicative of a state of haemocytes activation. The total plasma protein concentration after treatment with E. pephis and Praziquantel increased plasma than in control snails while no changes in protein concentration of the digestive gland extract. This may be a result of an imbalance in the rate of protein synthesis and the rate of its degradation.The treatment with E peplus and Praziquantel caused a marked increase in acid phosphatase after the 2nd and 4 lh weeks. On the other hand, alkaline phosphatase activity increased after the 4 th week. This could be explained as defensive and lysosomal activity of the haemocytes. After treatment with the tested substances the plasma and digestive gland extract were capable to agglutinate sheep red 502

The ameliorative potential of the ethanol extract of the plant Ocimum basilicum on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails exposed to the insecticide Bestacid

“…Snails exposed to LC25 of Bestacid E.C insecticide then to either the same concentration or double concentration of the ethanolic extract of O. basilicum plant caused a highly significant increase in the mean total number of hemocytes (p˂ 0.001) than that for control group. These results coincide with Helal et al (2003) who observed significant increase in B. alexandrina hemocytes after exposure to the water extract of the plant Euphorbia peplus. Higher numbers of circulating hemocytes could be due to release of hemocytes from tissue depots as they participate in tissue repair (Nelson et al, 2016).…”

Trends in genetic divergence of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and Oreochromis niloticus fish in response to water quality of Lake Burullus, Egypt.

“…The decrease in hemcytes may be considered as a haemolysis response to the multiple pollution in Lake Burullus. This was mentioned by (Helal et al, 2003) that hemocytosis represents a response to external stress or certain stimuli and may originate from a variety of biotic or abiotic sources (Wolmarans & Yssel 1988). These results were in agreement with (El-Kayat et al, 2015a) who found that the snails collected from ElManzala Lake showed decrease in hemolcytes.…”

“…Meanwhile blood of native fish samples collected from El-Hamoul and Sidi-Salem sites showed highly significant increase of WBCs count, this increase could be due to their function as they are defensive in nature also, leukocytosis is directly proportional to the severity of damage and stress which as a consequence result in the stimulation of immunological defense, (Javed and Usmani 2012). The increase in small and large granulocytes of snail hemolymph and in WBCs of fish was suggested to indicate alteration in defense mechanism against the action of heavy metals toxicity bio-accumulated in snail and fish tissues as previously reported by Zaghloul (2001), (Helal et al, 2003) and Zaghloul et al (2005). Mottobus native fish samples showed the highest Hb level (% of change was 18 in comparison to control) and in spite of non-native Mottobos showed reduction in Hb than control (-27%) it represented also, the highest level among other non-native exposed samples, this is side by side with the present results showing that Mottobus site had the least levels in most of water quality creiteria and its samples showed the least bioaccumulation confiming the more healthy lake ecosystem in Mottobus.…”

Morphology and kinetics of susceptible and resistant Biomphalaria alexandrina hemocytes during the first week of exposure to Schistosoma mansoni miracidia

“…Being small cells with a large nucleus, they are thought to be the progenitors of the other populations [11,17] . Regarding B. alexandrina snails, previous research studied their hemocytes [18][19][20][21] , yet, information about the functional attributes of their populations and subpopulations in response to S. mansoni infection is still deficient.…”