Effect of Enhanced Nutrition on Mule Deer Population Rate of Change

Bishop, Chad J.; White, Gary C.; Freddy, David J.; Watkins, Bruce E.; Stephenson, Thomas R.

doi:10.2193/2008-107

Cited by 132 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Adult survival was included in terms for recruitment because we assumed that births occurred after census and that the preponderance of adult mortality occurred between census and births (i.e., during late winter). Means and standard deviations for f yr , s emb , s fwn , s 0 , and s 1 were derived from data in Bishop et al (2009). Mean and standard deviation for s 2 were derived from data in Miller et al (2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uncertainty in s emb , s fwn , s 0 , and s 1 was modeled using prior information (Bishop et al, 2009) modeled as beta distributions. Thus, to estimate s 0 we used…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with shape parameters a 5 114.92 and b 5 27.6, which yielded a distribution with mean of 0.806 and standard deviation of 0.033 (Bishop et al, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating Chronic Wasting Disease Effects on Mule Deer Recruitment and Population Growth

Dulberger

Hobbs

Swanson³

et al. 2010

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), accelerates mortality and in so doing has the potential to influence population dynamics. Although effects on mule deer survival are clear, how CWD affects recruitment is less certain. We studied how prion infection influenced the number of offspring raised to weaning per adult ($2 yr old) female mule deer and subsequently the estimated growth rate (l) of an infected deer herd. Infected and presumably uninfected radio-collared female deer were observed with their fawns in late summer (August-September) during three consecutive years (2006)(2007)(2008) in the Table Mesa area of Boulder, Colorado, USA. We counted the number of fawns accompanying each female, then used a fully Bayesian model to estimate recruitment by infected and uninfected females and the effect of the disease on l. On average, infected females weaned 0.95 fawns (95% credible interval50.56-1.43) whereas uninfected females weaned 1.34 fawns (95% credible interval51.09-1.61); the probability that uninfected females weaned more fawns than infected females was 0.93). We used estimates of prevalence to weight recruitment and survival parameters in the transition matrix of a three-age, single-sex matrix model and then used the matrix to calculate effects of CWD on l. When effects of CWD on both survival and recruitment were included, the modeled l was 0.97 (95% credible interval 5 0.82-1.09). Effects of disease on l were mediated almost entirely by elevated mortality of infected animals. We conclude that although CWD may affect mule deer recruitment, these effects seem to be sufficiently small that they can be omitted in estimating the influences of CWD on population growth rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uncertainty in s emb , s fwn , s 0 , and s 1 was modeled using prior information (Bishop et al, 2009) modeled as beta distributions. Thus, to estimate s 0 we used…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating Chronic Wasting Disease Effects on Mule Deer Recruitment and Population Growth

Dulberger

Hobbs

Swanson³

et al. 2010

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…After reviewing this literature, Ballard et al (2001) concluded that coyotes can be a significant mortality factor for deer, and Ballard et al (1999) suggested that coyotes have replaced wolves in their role as deer predators in parts of northeastern North America, frequently taking adults during winter as well as neonatal fawns. Although in some situations coyote predation on fawns is compensatory to other mortality factors (Bartmann et al 1992, Bishop et al 2009), it also has been shown to be additive, and therefore limiting, in other situations (Messier et al 1986, Patterson et al 2002. Notably, most research related to coyote impacts on deer has been conducted either in the historic range of the coyote or in northeastern North America where winter severity contributes to susceptibility to predation (Gompper 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Can Coyotes Affect Deer Populations in Southeastern North America?

et al. 2010

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The coyote (Canis latrans) is a recent addition to the fauna of eastern North America, and in many areas coyote populations have been established for only a decade or two. Although coyotes are known predators of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in their historic range, effects this new predator may have on eastern deer populations have received little attention. We speculated that in the southeastern United States, coyotes may be affecting deer recruitment, and we present 5 lines of evidence that suggest this possibility. First, the statewide deer population in South Carolina has declined coincident with the establishment and increase in the coyote population. Second, data sets from the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina indicate a new mortality source affecting the deer population concurrent with the increase in coyotes. Third, an index of deer recruitment at SRS declined during the period of increase in coyotes. Fourth, food habits data from SRS indicate that fawns are an important food item for coyotes during summer. Finally, recent research from Alabama documented significant coyote predation on fawns there. Although this evidence does not establish cause and effect between coyotes and observed declines in deer recruitment, we argue that additional research should proactively address this topic in the region. We identified several important questions on the nature of the deer-coyote relationship in the East.

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“…There is concern that traditional migration routes may be threatened by increased levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Recent declines in mule deer populations have been reported throughout much of the West (deVos et al 2003), likely a result of long-term drought and loss or fragmentation of habitat, among other factors (Bishop et al 2009, Monteith et al 2014. Concern for mule deer populations has prompted state management agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to explore new strategies and broaden conservation efforts to enhance protection of key mule deer habitats, such as migration routes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserving migratory mule deer through the umbrella of sage‐grouse

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Conserving migratory ungulates in increasingly human-dominated landscapes presents a difficult challenge to land managers and conservation practitioners. Nevertheless, ungulates may receive ancillary benefits from conservation actions designed to protect species of greater conservation priority where their ranges are sympatric. Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocerus urophasianus), for example, have been proposed as an umbrella species for other sagebrush (Artemesia spp.)-dependent fauna. We examined a landscape where conservation efforts for sage-grouse overlap spatially with mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) to determine whether sage-grouse conservation measures also might protect important mule deer migration routes and seasonal ranges. We conducted a spatial analysis to determine what proportion of migration routes, stopover areas, and winter ranges used by mule deer were located in areas managed for sage-grouse conservation. Conservation measures overlapped with 66-70% of migration corridors, 74-75% of stopovers, and 52-91% of wintering areas for two mule deer populations in the upper Green River Basin of Wyoming. Of those proportions, conservation actions targeted towards sage-grouse accounted for approximately half of the overlap in corridors and stopover areas, and nearly all overlap on winter ranges, indicating that sage-grouse conservation efforts represent an important step in conserving migratory mule deer. Conservation of migratory species presents unique challenges because although overlap with conserved lands may be high, connectivity of the entire route must be maintained as barriers to movement anywhere within the migration corridor could render it unviable. Where mule deer habitats overlap with sage-grouse core areas, our results indicate that increased protection is afforded to winter ranges and migration routes within the umbrella of sage-grouse conservation, but this protection is contingent on concentrated developments within core areas not intersecting with high-priority stopovers or corridors, and that the policy in turn does not encourage development on deer ranges outside of core areas. With the goal of protecting entire migration routes, our analysis highlights areas of potential conservation focus for mule deer, which are characterized by high exposure to residential development and use by a large proportion of migrating deer.

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Effect of Enhanced Nutrition on Mule Deer Population Rate of Change

Cited by 132 publications

References 92 publications

Estimating Chronic Wasting Disease Effects on Mule Deer Recruitment and Population Growth

Estimating Chronic Wasting Disease Effects on Mule Deer Recruitment and Population Growth

Can Coyotes Affect Deer Populations in Southeastern North America?

Conserving migratory mule deer through the umbrella of sage‐grouse

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