Effect of Engine Operating Parameters on Space- and Species-Resolved Measurements of Engine-Out Emissions from a Single-Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine

Esposito, Stefania; Mauermann, Peter; Lehrheuer, Bastian; Günther, Marco; Pischinger, Stefan

doi:10.4271/2019-01-0745

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The experimental investigations were carried out on two homogeneously operated direct injection spark ignition single-cylinder research engines with a displacement volume in the range of modern passenger car engines. The first research engine features an S/B ratio of S/B = 1.2 as presented in previous publications, 5,[20][21][22][23][24][25] whereas the second research engine features an S/B ratio of S/B = 1.5 with the identical bore. Both research engines feature a modular design, allowing the same pistons and cylinder head to be used in both engine setups.…”

Section: Single-cylinder Research Enginementioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of stroke on spark-ignition combustion with gasoline and methanol

Wouters

Burkardt

Fischer

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Besides electrification of the powertrain, new synthetic alternative fuels with the potential to be produced from renewable sources come into focus. Methanol is the most elementary liquid synthetic fuel and no novelty for use in internal combustion engines. This article presents pathways to achieve high efficiency spark-ignition methanol combustion on a direct injection spark-ignition single-cylinder research engine with two different stroke-to-bore ratios (1.2 and 1.5) and a constant bore. In addition, two compression ratios (CRs) were investigated on each setup: CR = 10.8 using RON95 E10 gasoline fuel and a higher CR = 15 using neat methanol. In contrast to previous studies of stroke-to-bore ratio influences on SI combustion, this article aims at demonstrating how the advantages of a high stroke-to-bore ratio can be exploited by combining a long-stroke engine with increased compression ratios and methanol. The increased stroke enhances the tumble motion due to a higher piston speed and a larger compression volume which improves the mixture homogenization and combustion velocity. Moreover, the lower surface/volume ratio results in a reduced heat transfer. When using RON95E10 gasoline fuel and CR = 10.8, an efficiency gain of up to 1.6% could be achieved with the long-stroke compared to the short-stroke especially at lower engine loads. With methanol and CR = 15, an efficiency gain of up to 1.6% could be achieved with the long-stroke setup compared to the short-stroke engine. Subsequently, lean burn conditions were experimentally investigated with methanol and CR = 15. The longer stroke allowed the lean burn limit to be extended from λ = 1.9 to λ = 2.0 with an efficiency gain of up to 2.2%. A maximum indicated efficiency of 47.4% could be achieved at λ = 1.9 with methanol on the long-stroke engine with CR = 15.

show abstract

Section: Single-cylinder Research Enginementioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of stroke on spark-ignition combustion with gasoline and methanol

Wouters

Burkardt

Fischer

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The specific experimental setup has already been described in other publications from the authors. 7,59,60 The main technical data of the SCE are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Measurements At the Si DI Research Scementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this specific measurement campaign, multiple emission measurement devices for gaseous emissions have been applied in different positions, as reported in Esposito et al 59,60 Relevant for this study are the average gaseous emission measurement performed with conventional emission analyzers. These standard measurements have been performed with a FEV Emission Rate (FEVER) device.…”

Section: Measurements At the Si DI Research Scementioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of gaseous pollutant emissions from a spark-ignition direct-injection engine with gas-exchange simulation

Esposito

Diekhoff²,

Pischinger

2021

International Journal of Engine Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the further tightening of emission regulations and the introduction of real driving emission tests (RDE), the simulative prediction of emissions is becoming increasingly important for the development of future low-emission internal combustion engines. In this context, gas-exchange simulation can be used as a powerful tool for the evaluation of new design concepts. However, the simplified description of the combustion chamber can make the prediction of complex in-cylinder phenomena like emission formation quite challenging. The present work focuses on the prediction of gaseous pollutants from a spark-ignition (SI) direct injection (DI) engine with 1D–0D gas-exchange simulations. The accuracy of the simulative prediction regarding gaseous pollutant emissions is assessed based on the comparison with measurement data obtained with a research single cylinder engine (SCE). Multiple variations of engine operating parameters – for example, load, speed, air-to-fuel ratio, valve timing – are taken into account to verify the predictivity of the simulation toward changing engine operating conditions. Regarding the unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, phenomenological models are used to estimate the contribution of the piston top-land crevice as well as flame wall-quenching and oil-film fuel adsorption-desorption mechanisms. Regarding CO and NO emissions, multiple approaches to describe the burned zone kinetics in combination with a two-zone 0D combustion chamber model are evaluated. In particular, calculations with reduced reaction kinetics are compared with simplified kinetic descriptions. At engine warm operation, the HC models show an accuracy mainly within 20%. The predictions for the NO emissions follow the trend of the measurements with changing engine operating parameters and all modeled results are mainly within ±20%. Regarding CO emissions, the simplified kinetic models are not capable to predict CO at stoichiometric conditions with errors below 30%. With the usage of a reduced kinetic mechanism, a better prediction capability of CO at stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio could be achieved.

show abstract

“…In this study, the measurement data came from a specific experimental setup, which was already presented by the authors in [18,19]. The main specifications of the single-cylinder engine are reported in Table 1.…”

Section: Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, validation requires a comparison in the location where the emission measurements are performed. It was shown in previous works [18,19] that the emission measuring position has a strong impact on the average emission level and cycle-resolved trends. However, validation studies reported in the literature rarely provide details on how the computed emissions were evaluated when compared to experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Validation of a RANS 3D-CFD Gaseous Emission Model with Space-, Species-, and Cycle-Resolved Measurements from an SI DI Engine

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of gaseous emissions from combustion engines are very demanding due to the complex geometry, the emissions formation mechanisms, and the transient processes inside the cylinders. The validation of emission simulation is challenging because of modeling simplifications, fundamental differences from reality (e.g., fuel surrogates), and difficulty in the comparison with measured emission values, which depend on the measuring position. In this study, detailed gaseous emission data were acquired for a spark ignition (SI) direct-injection (DI) single-cylinder engine (SCE) fueled with a toluene reference fuel (TRF) surrogate to allow precise comparison with simulations. Multiple devices in different sampling locations were used for the measurement of average emission concentration, as well as hydrocarbon (HC) cycle- and species-resolved values. A RANS 3D-CFD methodology to predict gaseous pollutants was developed and validated with this experimental database. For precise validation, the emission comparison was performed in the exact same locations as the pollutants were measured. Additionally, the same surrogate fuel used in the measurements was defined in the simulation. To focus on the emission prediction, the pressure and heat release traces were reproduced by calibrating a G-equation flame propagation model. The differences of simulation results with measurements were within 4% for CO2, while for O2 and NO, the deviations were within 26%. CO emissions were generally overestimated probably because of inaccuracies in mixture formation. For HC emissions, deviations up to 50% were observed possibly due to inexact estimation of the influence of the piston-ring crevice geometry. The reasonable prediction accuracy in the RANS context makes the method a useful framework for the analysis of emissions from SI engines, as well as for mechanism validation under engine relevant conditions.

show abstract

Effect of Engine Operating Parameters on Space- and Species-Resolved Measurements of Engine-Out Emissions from a Single-Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of stroke on spark-ignition combustion with gasoline and methanol

Effects of stroke on spark-ignition combustion with gasoline and methanol

Prediction of gaseous pollutant emissions from a spark-ignition direct-injection engine with gas-exchange simulation

Validation of a RANS 3D-CFD Gaseous Emission Model with Space-, Species-, and Cycle-Resolved Measurements from an SI DI Engine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About