Effect of emotional valence on episodic memory stages as indexed by event-related potentials

Lavoie, Marc E.; O’Connor, Kieron

doi:10.4236/wjns.2013.34034

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The ERPs showed the expected heightened LPP responses to negative stimuli compared to neutral or positive ones 25,26,49 . However, shared attention had no effect on neural measures or on memory for emotional stimuli (as measured behaviorally).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The LPP is a positive deflection in EEG amplitude elicited by visual stimulus perception. The LPP typically arises over parietal sites, occurs 400-800 ms post-stimulus presentation, and is enhanced for emotionally salient relative to neutral stimuli 23,[25][26][27] . The P3b, a positive deflection with maximal amplitude over centro-parietal scalp electrodes around 350-600 ms post-stimulus, is correlated with attention to task-related rare, yet anticipated, stimuli [28][29][30] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Behavioral and EEG Measures Show no Amplifying Effects of Shared Attention on Attention or Memory

Mairon

Nahum

Stolk

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Shared attention experiments examine the potential differences in function or behavior when stimuli are experienced alone or in the presence of others, and when simultaneous attention of the participants to the same stimulus or set is involved. Previous work has found enhanced reactions to emotional stimuli in social situations, yet these changes might represent enhanced communicative or motivational purposes. This study examines whether viewing emotional stimuli in the presence of another person influences attention to or memory for the stimulus. Participants passively viewed emotionally-valenced stimuli while completing another task (counting flowers). Each participant performed this task both alone and in a shared attention condition (simultaneously with another person in the same room) while EEG signals were measured. Recognition of the emotional pictures was later measured. A significant shared attention behavioral effect was found in the attention task but not in the recognition task. Compared to event-related potential responses for neutral pictures, we found higher P3b response for task relevant stimuli (flowers), and higher Late Positive Potential (LPP) responses for emotional stimuli. However, no main effect was found for shared attention between presence conditions. To conclude, shared attention may therefore have a more limited effect on cognitive processes than previously suggested. Humans are social animals that often prefer acting together, rather than alone 1,2. Potential differences in function or behavior when experienced alone or in the presence of others are referred to as co-presence effects that can be either generated from the mere presence of another or from a shared experience that occurs in the physical or psychological presence of another person 3-5. When simultaneous attention of the participants to the same stimulus or set is involved, shared experience overlaps with the term shared attention 4,6. Indeed, both shared experience and shared attention have been found to affect cognitive function and behavior, such as attention to a target stimuli 3,7 , social learning 8 , memory 9,10 , motivation 11 , judgment 12 and inhibitory control 13. Specifically, shared attention has been found to amplify these processes (etc. memories, emotions, and behavioral learning) 4,6. For example, higher manifestation of social learning was found in the shared attention condition compared to an unshared condition 8. Several 5,14,15 studies have examined the effect of shared attention in emotional contexts, but yielded mixed results. For example, Shteynberg and colleagues examined online shared attention effects on reactions to emotional stimuli. In a series of studies, they presented either short clips or pictures to participants and found enhancement of the subjective feelings (self-reported) for emotional stimuli in the online presence of another person. Specifically, scary advertisements led to higher "scariness" scores in the shared attention condition compared to the same stimuli viewed alone. Similar...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and EEG Measures Show no Amplifying Effects of Shared Attention on Attention or Memory

Mairon

Nahum

Stolk

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Based on the characteristics of the models described above, it is reasonable to predict that evidence of a link between the activation of somatosensory and sensorimotor processes and activation of the dual-system MSN may ERPs when matched for arousal (see review in [44]). A critical difference between the present approach and most studies is that, to disambiguate the relative contribution of the two motivational systems possibly related to embodied sensorimotor processes, we selected photos that are not matched in arousal or valence (as in [45]). This should produce the specific predicted effects for unpleasant or pleasant contents, depending upon how they are rated regarding arousal and valence (reviewed and discussed in [45]).…”

Section: Goals and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A critical difference between the present approach and most studies is that, to disambiguate the relative contribution of the two motivational systems possibly related to embodied sensorimotor processes, we selected photos that are not matched in arousal or valence (as in [45]). This should produce the specific predicted effects for unpleasant or pleasant contents, depending upon how they are rated regarding arousal and valence (reviewed and discussed in [45]).…”

Section: Goals and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-related potential signatures of perceived and imagined emotional and food real-life photos

et al. 2015

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Although food and affective pictures share similar emotional and motivational characteristics, the relationship between the neuronal responses to these stimuli is unclear. Particularly, it is not known whether perceiving and imagining food and affective stimuli elicit similar event-related potential (ERP) patterns. In this study, two ERP correlates, the early posterior negativity (EPN) and the late positive potential (LPP) for perceived and imagined emotional and food photographs were investigated. Thirteen healthy volunteers were exposed to a set of food photos, as well as unpleasant, pleasant, and neutral photos from the International Affective Picture System. In each trial, participants were first asked to view a photo (perception condition), and then to create a visual mental image of it and to rate its vividness (imagery condition). The results showed that during perception, brain regions corresponding to sensorimotor and parietal motivational (defensive and appetitive) systems were activated to different extents, producing a graded pattern of EPN and LPP responses specific to the photo content - more prominent for unpleasant than pleasant and food content. Also, an EPN signature occurred in both conditions for unpleasant content, suggesting that, compared to food or pleasant content, unpleasant content may be attended to more intensely during perception and may be represented more distinctly during imagery. Finally, compared to LLP activation during perception, as well as imagery and perception of all other content, LPP activation was significantly reduced during imagery of unpleasant photos, suggesting inhibition of unwanted memories. Results are framed within a neurocognitive working model of embodied emotions.

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“…In our study, valence was not treated as an independent variable. It is worth noting that there is an extensive literature that examines how valence, as one dimension of emotionality, differentially affects memory performance, using positive and negative items ( Lavoie and O’Connor, 2013 ; Hourihan et al, 2017 ; Bowen et al, 2018 ; Megalakaki et al, 2019 ). For instance, Bayer and Schacht (2014) compared the emotional effects of words, pictures, and facial expressions based on ratings and brain imaging data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Nuance Enhances Verbatim Retention of Written Materials

Kim

Sidtis

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Recent studies have demonstrated that details of verbal material are retained in memory. Further, converging evidence points to a memory-enhancing effect of emotion such that memory for emotional events is stronger than memory for neutral events. Building upon this work, it appears likely that verbatim sentence forms will be remembered better when tinged with emotional nuance. Most previous studies have focused on single words. The current study examines the role of emotional nuance in the verbatim retention of longer sentences in written material. In this study, participants silently read transcriptions of spontaneous narratives, half of which had been delivered within a context of emotional expression and the other half with neutral expression. Transcripts were taken from selected narratives that received the highest, most extreme ratings, neutral or emotional. Participants identified written excerpts in a yes/no recognition test. Results revealed that participants’ verbatim memory was significantly greater for excerpts from emotionally nuanced narratives than from neutral narratives. It is concluded that the narratives, pre-rated as emotional or neutral, drove this effect of emotion on verbatim retention. These findings expand a growing body of evidence for a role of emotion in memory, and lend support to episodic theories of language and the constructionist account.

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Effect of emotional valence on episodic memory stages as indexed by event-related potentials

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Behavioral and EEG Measures Show no Amplifying Effects of Shared Attention on Attention or Memory

Behavioral and EEG Measures Show no Amplifying Effects of Shared Attention on Attention or Memory

Event-related potential signatures of perceived and imagined emotional and food real-life photos

Emotional Nuance Enhances Verbatim Retention of Written Materials

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