Effect of electron beam irradiation on structure and properties of styrene-butadiene rubber

Bandzierz, Katarzyna S.; Reuvekamp, Louis A.E.M.; Przybytniak, G.; Dierkes, Wilma K.; Blume, Anke; Bieliński, Dariusz M.

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.12.011

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…It can be observed in Figure 2 a that the increased radiation dose resulted in the decreased swelling ratio of UFPNR, while the gel fraction of UFPNR became higher with increases in the radiation dose. The enhancement of the gel fraction and the diminishing swelling ratio at higher radiation dose were due to the increase in insoluble polymer fraction in UFPNR [ 24 ]. This phenomenon was attributed to the increased inter-molecular crosslink in UFPNR [ 7 , 25 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Coagent Functionalities on Properties of Ultrafine Fully Vulcanized Powdered Natural Rubber Prepared as Toughening Filler in Rigid PVC

et al. 2021

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Ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered natural rubber (UFPNR) has a promising application as a renewable toughening modifier in polymer matrices. In this work, the effects of acrylate coagents, which had different amounts of functional groups, on properties of UFPNR produced by radiation vulcanization and spray-drying was systematically investigated for the first time. Dipropylene glycol diacrylate (DPGDA), trimethylol propane trimethaacrylate (TMPTMA), and ditrimethylol propane tetraacrylate (DTMPTA) were used as coagents with two, three, and four acrylate groups, respectively. The radiation in the range of 250 to 400 kGy and coagent contents of up to 11 phr were used in the production process. Physical, chemical, and thermal properties of the UFPNR were characterized by swelling analysis, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The properties of UFPNR produced by using different type and content of coagents were compared and discussed. The results revealed that UFPNR with the smallest particle size of 3.6 ± 1.1 μm and the highest thermal stability (Td5 = 349 °C) could be obtained by using DTMPTA, which had the highest amount of functional group. It was proposed that the coagent with the greater number of acrylate groups enhanced the crosslinking of natural rubber as it had more reactive groups. Finally, an application of UFPNR as a toughening filler in rigid PVC was demonstrated with 34% improvement of impact strength.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Coagent Functionalities on Properties of Ultrafine Fully Vulcanized Powdered Natural Rubber Prepared as Toughening Filler in Rigid PVC

et al. 2021

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“…By comparing the freezing temperature of both solvents it is possible to calculate a freezing point temperature depression (∆ T ). To investigate these changes differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used [33,34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other way around, if the crosslink density of rubber is lower the crosslinks are apart and the mesh sizes are larger. Hence, the solvent ought to have more space to crystallize [33,34]. However, according to the literature data, depression (decrease) of the freezing temperature of the solvent trapped in a polymer network may have various origins and a few theories have been proposed over the years [35,36,37,38].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur/Organic Copolymers as Curing Agents for Rubber

2018

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It is widely acknowledged that waste sulfur generated from the petroleum industry creates huge storage and ecological problems. Therefore, the various methods of utilization are becoming increasingly attractive research topics worldwide. The thermal ability of elemental sulfur to homolytic cleavage of S8 rings enables its free radical copolymerization with unsaturated organic species and the obtaining of chemically stable polymeric materials. Here we report a novel possibility to use sulfur/organic copolymers obtained via “inverse vulcanization” as curatives for rubber. For this purpose, several various sulfur/organic copolymers were synthesized and analyzed from the point of view of their performance as rubber crosslinking agents. Solvent extraction was used to purify sulfur/organic copolymers from unreacted (elemental) sulfur. Thermal properties of the prepared copolymers were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA–DSC). Crosslink density and structure of cured elastomers was studied by equilibrium swelling, thiol-amine analysis and freezing point depression. Mechanical properties of the vulcanizates were determined under static and dynamic conditions (DMA—dynamic mechanical analysis). It is proved that the utilization of sulfur/organic copolymers as curatives enables an effective crosslinking process of rubbers. Taking into account the results of a crosslink density analysis and mechanical properties of the vulcanizates cured with purified copolymers, it is evident that relatively long copolymer macromolecules are also involved in the formation of chemical bonds between unsaturated rubber macromolecules.

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“…: łatwość przygotowania materiału do modyfikacji, dużą wszechstronność, kontrolę składu produktu, brak ograniczeń termodynamicznych, sterylność powierzchni w trakcie i po modyfikacji oraz możliwość osadzania różnych substancji na skalę komercyjną. Są tanie i nie wymagają użycia rozpuszczalników [13,[67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86].…”

Section: Powłoki Biobójczeunclassified

“…- napylanie -bombardowanie jonowe polepsza mieszalność składników, np. nanonapełniaczy, spójność i przyczepność powłok biobójczych [67][68][69][70][71];…”

Section: Powłoki Biobójczeunclassified

Elastomers with biocidal properties. Part 1. Literature review

2019

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Artykuł stanowi przegląd literaturowy dotyczący zastosowań elastomerów biobójczych w zapobieganiu infekcjom. Opisano przyczyny infekcji bakteryjnych, zwłaszcza wywoływanych przez bakterie wielooporne, a także sposoby im zapobiegania. Scharakteryzowano stosowane rodzaje powłok biobójczych. Przedstawiono działanie elastomerów o właściwościach biobójczych, a także wymagania związane z technologią gumy, które musi spełniać substancja biobójcza stosowana w elastomerach.

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Effect of electron beam irradiation on structure and properties of styrene-butadiene rubber

Cited by 28 publications

References 77 publications

Effects of Coagent Functionalities on Properties of Ultrafine Fully Vulcanized Powdered Natural Rubber Prepared as Toughening Filler in Rigid PVC

Effects of Coagent Functionalities on Properties of Ultrafine Fully Vulcanized Powdered Natural Rubber Prepared as Toughening Filler in Rigid PVC

Sulfur/Organic Copolymers as Curing Agents for Rubber

Elastomers with biocidal properties. Part 1. Literature review

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