Effect of electromagnetic waves on human reproduction

Abstract

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitting from the natural environment, as well as from the use of industrial and everyday appliances, constantly influence the human body. The effect of this type of energy on living tissues may exert various effects on their functioning, although the mechanisms conditioning this phenomenon have not been fully explained. It may be expected that the interactions between electromagnetic radiation and the living organism would depend on the amount and parameters of the transmitted energy and type of tissue exposed. Electromagnetic waves exert an influence on human reproduction by affecting the male and female reproductive systems, the developing embryo, and subsequently, the foetus. Knowledge concerning this problem is still being expanded; however, all the conditionings of human reproduction still remain unknown. The study presents the current state of knowledge concerning the problem, based on the latest scientific reports.

An effective utilization of MXene and its effect on electromagnetic interference shielding: flexible, free-standing and thermally conductive composite from MXene–PAT–poly(p-aminophenol)–polyaniline co-polymer

“…EMI induces vibration of water molecules, which releases extra heat energy, which is disseminated among organs to generate physiological dysfunction, unhealthy infant, denature of protein, disorder in enzyme function, non-regular function of organelles, and reduction of fertility, which raise questions about the sustainability of human and other living things on the Earth. 4,5 EMI shielding is expressed in dB, and is inevitable in the modern electronic world. 3 Non-Ionized Radiation (NIR) has been widely used, as it is safe, even though recent study reports that some NIR radiation has a detrimental issue on biotic structure.…”

Background ionizing radiation and semen parameters of men with reproductive problems

“…The basic pathomechanism of cell damage caused by the influence of ionizing radiation is the formation of free radicals. Oxidative stress is the cause of the damage to the DNA and other macromolecules [12,13].…”

Effect of low-frequency electric field screening on motility of human sperm

“…Exposure to electromagnetic fields may cause adverse biological effects on the functioning of living organisms, e.g. induce oxidative stress and apoptosis, affect neural functions in the human brain, or functioning of the reproductive system [1][2][3]. It should also be noted that long-term exposure to an electromagnetic field, even if of low strength, may influence people's well-being [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”