Effect of ecstasy use on neuropsychological function: a study in Hong Kong

Yip, James T. H.; Lee, Tatia M.C.

doi:10.1007/s00213-004-2083-4

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Homogeneity of regression results were not reported for these analyses. Similarly equivocal were the findings from a Hong Kong sample [34] where discriminant function analysis significantly classified ecstasy users with 99% accuracy based on response times. However, after controlling for multiple comparisons, users' task performance was not significantly worse than that of controls who appear to have been drug naïve, although precise data are not reported on their drug-using history.…”

Section: Ecstasy and Executive Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…For example, in the UK it is estimated that over 9.5 million people have used cannabis at some time in their life [1] . Population statistics do not record cannabis amongst ecstasy users, but within this review cannabis was present in all ecstasy user groups except for Yip and Lee [34] , although it was relatively rare in Halpern et al [30] . One statistical method applied within the studies reviewed to control for the effect of other drugs, and also other potential confounds such as age and IQ, was AN-COVA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Executive Working Memory Deficits in Abstinent Ecstasy/MDMA Users: A Critical Review

Murphy

Wareing²,

Fisk³

et al. 2009

Neuropsychobiology

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Aims: This review examined studies of executive functioning in abstinent ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA) users on tasks which had been empirically mapped onto updating, shifting, inhibition and accessing long-term memory executive processes. Studies of some aspects of visuospatial memory performance were also included because of the investment of executive resources in such tasks. Methods:Thirty-three studies were identified for the review following searches of the Psychinfo and Medline databases. Inclusion criteria were the reporting of new empirical findings from participants drug free at the time of testing, in peer-reviewed journals in the English language. Results:Evidence for ecstasy-related performance deficits was strongest for the updating of verbal material, and for visuospatial memory tasks requiring additional processing beyond storage and retrieval. Such processing suggested that the overall level of executive demand was an important consideration. Executive shifting showed little evidence of ecstasy-related impairment, whilst examination of inhibition and long-term memory access presented an unclear picture. Conclusions: All but one of the studies had a cross-sectional design. Although this is a potential weakness with regard to confounds, the necessity of such designs was acknowledged. Studies were generally aware of the need to control for potential confounds, especially the effects of other drugs, through a mixture of group designs and statistical techniques. It was recommended that future studies of executive functioning in ecstasy users should detail the relationship of the tasks and dependent variables reported to specific executive processes and consider the level of executive demand imposed by such tasks.

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Section: Ecstasy and Executive Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Working Memory Deficits in Abstinent Ecstasy/MDMA Users: A Critical Review

Murphy

Wareing²,

Fisk³

et al. 2009

Neuropsychobiology

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“…Nevertheless, several other studies where subjects on average showed limited lifetime drug exposure have been published (e.g. Croft et al, 2001;Dafters et al, 2004;Heffernan et al, 2001;Morgan, 1998;Rodgers, 2000;Schilt et al, 2007;von Geusau et al, 2004;Yip and Lee, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some studies show negative results (e.g. Bhattachary and Powell, 2001;Dafters et al, 2004;Hoshi et al, 2007;Morgan, 1998;Parrott et al, 1998;Rodgers, 2000;Schilt et al, 2007;Yip and Lee, 2005). In many of the latter studies, users show comparably low lifetime doses (of less than 50 pills on average).…”

Section: Ecstasymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Hoshi et al, 2007). Concerning fluency tasks, some studies reported a weaker performance (Bhattachary and Powell, 2001;Croft et al, 2001;Fox et al, 2002;Heffernan et al, 2001), but again, other studies were not able to replicate these findings (Hoshi et al, 2007;Reneman et al, 2006b;Wareing et al, 2000), or, in one case, even showed contradictory results, with lower verbal and better figural fluency performance (Yip and Lee, 2005). Inhibitory functions, as measured with the Stroop interference condition, Stop Signal Reaction Time, or Go/Nogo -paradigms, often seem to be largely unaffected in ecstasy users (Croft et al, 2001;Fox et al, 2002;Quednow et al, 2007;Reneman et al, 2006b;Verdejo-Garcia et al, 2008;von Geusau et al, 2004).…”

Section: Ecstasymentioning

confidence: 95%

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Is moderate substance use associated with altered executive functioning in a population‐based sample of young adults?

Piechatzek

Indlekofer

Daamen

et al. 2009

Human Psychopharmacology

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Visuospatial working memory impairment in current and previous ecstasy/polydrug users

Fisk

Montgomery

Hadjiefthyvoulou

2011

Hum. Psychopharmacol Clin Exp

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Objective Previous research suggests that ecstasy users are impaired in processing visuospatial information. However, for the most part, the deficits observed appear to involve the recall and recognition of complex visual and geometric patterns. The present research sought to determine whether ecstasy use was associated with deficits in serial spatial recall and visuospatial working memory (VSWM).Methods Thirty-eight current ecstasy/polydrug users, 16 previous ecstasy/polydrug users and 52 non ecstasy users completed serial simple spatial recall and VSWM tasks. Results Both the current and previous users of ecstasy exhibited deficits on the VSWM task. Following controls for group differences in aspects of cannabis and cocaine use, the overall group effect fell to just below statistical significance. However, the difference contrast comparing users with nonusers continued to demonstrate a statistically significant ecstasy-related VSWM deficit. Conclusions Ecstasy users were impaired in processing visuospatial information especially under conditions of high processing demand. The results are consistent with ecstasy-related impairment either in the short-term posterior parietal and occipital area store or the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex processes, which augment it under conditions of higher processing demands. Further research is needed to pinpoint the actual source of the ecstasy/polydrug-related VSWM deficits that have been observed here and elsewhere.

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Effect of ecstasy use on neuropsychological function: a study in Hong Kong

Cited by 38 publications

References 69 publications

Executive Working Memory Deficits in Abstinent Ecstasy/MDMA Users: A Critical Review

Executive Working Memory Deficits in Abstinent Ecstasy/MDMA Users: A Critical Review

Is moderate substance use associated with altered executive functioning in a population‐based sample of young adults?

Visuospatial working memory impairment in current and previous ecstasy/polydrug users

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