Effect of Different Modalities of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Blood Pressure

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is one of the major killers around the world resulting in 7.6 million deaths and 92 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per year (Lawes et al., 2001). Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been studied as nonpharmacological modalities of lowering blood pressure. However, the evidence about the different modalities of MBIs is still unclear. Purpose: The aim of this review is to identify the evidence about the effect of different MBIs on lowering blood pressure among different populations including hypertensive patients and healthy individuals. Methods: Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Ovid) and EBSCO databases were systematically used to search by using the keywords “(mindfulness) AND (blood pressure)”. All trials published from 1989 to July 2021 that reported the effect of MBIs on blood pressure as primary or secondary outcomes were included. Trials that did not report their results in English were excluded. Titles and abstracts were first screened for eligibility. Eligible studies were then fully reviewed and summarized. Results: A total of 53 research articles were included in this review with 3947 participants. They include patients with hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, cancer, stress, diabetes, pregnancy and healthy individuals. Articles were classified and sorted according to the modality of MBI used for better comparison. Conclusion: MBI modalities that are instructor guided and include breathing and/or physical exercises might result in a significant reduction of BP, especially among patients with HTN and/or anxiety. This effect could be complemented by other pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

Effect of Mindful Meditation, Physical Activity, and Diet to Reduce the Risk to Develop or Reduce Severity of Cardiovascular Diseases in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review

“…National Transformational Program (NTP) 2030 is promoting PA and applying measures to introduce its vision of being a vibrant society through supporting physical and psychosocial well-being [13]. An example of psychosocial intervention is the Mindful Jeddah Training Program (MJTP) was driven by the Mindful Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program [13] [14] developed by Kabat-Zinn in 1990, and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) developed by Segal, Williams, and Teasdale (2002) [14]. Mindfulness is one's ability to focus their attention on the current moment [14].…”

“…An example of psychosocial intervention is the Mindful Jeddah Training Program (MJTP) was driven by the Mindful Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program [13] [14] developed by Kabat-Zinn in 1990, and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) developed by Segal, Williams, and Teasdale (2002) [14]. Mindfulness is one's ability to focus their attention on the current moment [14]. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have increasingly gained attention in recent decades [14].…”

“…Mindfulness is one's ability to focus their attention on the current moment [14]. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have increasingly gained attention in recent decades [14]. MBI is a meditation program to reduce stress and anxiety [14] [15].…”

“…Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have increasingly gained attention in recent decades [14]. MBI is a meditation program to reduce stress and anxiety [14] [15]. Mindful-based therapy programs have significant impact on physical and mental health [13].…”

“…The study of MJTP also allows relaxation and practice to be present in the now to get a more profound sense of oneself and focus on aligning the mind, heart, and soul [13]. Other meditations like MBI include practices like Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) [14]. MBSR is a form of meditation designed for stress management, while MBCT combines cognitive therapy with meditation and mindfulness [14].…”