Effect of dietary substitution of sea tangle (ST),Laminaria japonicawith rice bran (RB) on growth and body composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus)

Abstract

Dietary substitution effect of sea tangle (ST) with rice bran (RB) on growth and carcass composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus) was determined. Juvenile abalone was acclimated to the experimental conditions for 4 weeks. Seventy juvenile abalone averaging 0.43 g were randomly distributed into each of the 18, 70 L plastic rectangular containers. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day at a satiation level with a little leftover. The feeding trial lasted for 16 weeks. Survival of abalone was not affected by dietary substitution of ST with RB. However, weight gain of abalone fed the RB40 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the all other diets except for the RB0 diet. No significant difference in weight gain was found in abalone fed between the RB0 and RB100 diets. SGR of abalone fed the RB40 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the all other diets. Also SGR of abalone fed the RB0 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the RB100 diet, but not different from that of abalone fed the RB20, RB60 and RB80 diets. Moisture, crude protein and ash content of the soft body of abalone were affected by dietary substitution of ST with RB. In conclusion, the 100% ST could be substituted with RB without a retardation of weight gain of abalone when the 20% ST was included into the experimental diet. However, the best growth performance was obtained in abalone fed the RB40 diet substituting 40% ST with RB.

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“…Unlike Kim et al (2015)'s study, 50% and 100% substitution of MA with rice b ran in the FM 50+MA50 and FM50+MA 100 diets, respectively, produced poorer weight gain of abalone compared to the Std and FM50 d iets in this study. The differences could have resulted from those in MA used in both studies.…”

“…Abalone are known to be herbivorous and feed mostly on MA, which is usually low in protein and lipid, but high in carbohydrate, 400-500 g/kg in the wild (Thongrod, Tamt in, Chairat, & Boonyaratpalin, 2003). Unlike this study, however, Kim et al (2015) reported that 400 g/kg substitution of L. japonica with rice bran at 200 g/kg in the diet achieved the best specific gro wth rate of abalone, H. discus and concluded that 100% substitution of L. japonica with rice bran at 200 g/kg in the diet was successfully made without retardation (Reyes & Fermin, 2003). Biological criteria of abalone measured in this study (shell length, shell width, shell height and soft body weight), except for the ratio of the soft body weight to total weight seemed to be closely related to growth rate of abalone.…”

“…MA used in this study are the mixture of Undaria and Hizikia fusiforme at a ratio of 1:1, but a single L. japonica was used in the former. Abalone fed the diets (Std and FM50 diets) containing the mixture of Undaria and Hizikia fusiforme in this study outgrew over that fed the control diet containing L. japonica in Kim et al (2015)'s study. The mean SGR was 0.58%/day in th is study, but 0.46%/day for the latter.…”

“…As FM and MA are the largest components of commercial abalone feeds and prices continue to increase, alternatively sources need to be identified and their performances evaluated against existing commercial feeds. Globally research has shown that a well formulated feed will produce better growth rates that a single algal species diet (Lee, 1998;Cho, Park, Kim, Yoo, & Lee, 2006;Kim, Lee, Han, Kim, & Park, 1998;Cho, Park, Kim, & Yoo, 2008;Naidoo, Maneveldt, Ruck, & Bolton, 2006;Gracia-Esquivel & Felbeck, 2009;Dang, Li, Speck, & Benkendorff, 2011;Kim et al, 2015;Myung et al, 2016).…”

“…Dietary inclusion of fermented plant protein sources, such as soybean and cottonseed meals also produced a promising effect on performance of Nile t ilap ia, Oreochromis niloticus Linne and black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli Bleeker (Lim & Lee, 2011;Zhou et al, 2011). A study by Kim et al (2015) on abalone, H. discus Reeve revealed that 1000 g/kg substitution of L. japonica with rice bran, [an agricu lture byproduct and rich in the nutrients such as crude protein and vitamins (Gao, Kaneko, Hirata, Toorisaka, & Hano, 2008)], at 200 g/kg in the diet was successful in terms of abalone weight gain. However, the work needed to be trialed under commercial farm conditions.…”