Effect of dietary isoleucine on the immunity, antioxidant status, tight junctions and microflora in the intestine of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Intestinal immune function, antioxidant status and tight junction proteins mRNA expression in young grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) fed riboflavin deficient diet

“…1), which was higher than the growth requirement (5.85 mg/kg diet) [19], suggesting that a higher level of riboflavin was required by fish to maintain their adequate immunity. In fish, the immune status was closely associated with the inflammation [2]. Inflammation was initiated and regulated by inflammatory cytokines [48,49].…”

“…In fish, intestinal health was associated with immunity and structural integrity [2]. To date, limit studies have indicated that some nutrients could affect intestinal health of fish.…”

“…Apart from immunity, structural integrity also play important role in intestinal health of fish [2]. The structural integrity of intestinal epithelial cells was associated with antioxidant system in fish [3].…”

Dietary phenylalanine-improved intestinal barrier health in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is associated with increased immune status and regulated gene expression of cytokines, tight junction proteins, antioxidant enzymes and related signalling molecules

“…The normal structure and function of intestinal epithelial cells is related to antioxidant capacity [35]. Our previous study showed that dietary Phe enhanced intestinal antioxidant capacity by increasing the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD1, CAT and GPx in young grass carp [8].…”

“…Part 1 of these studies showed that Phe could improve the growth performance, digestive ability and absorptive function as well as antioxidant capacity in the intestine of young grass carp [8]. Fish growth is related to digestive and absorptive functions which rely on intestinal health [35]. This study was contained in Part 2 ( Fig.…”