Effect of dietary cholestyramine on the elimination pattern of ochratoxin A in rats

Assessment of the Multi-mycotoxin-Binding Efficacy of a Carbon/Aluminosilicate-Based Product in an in Vitro Gastrointestinal Model

“…In in vivo experiments with rats, using the SA/SO ratio as a biomarker for bioavailable fumonisins, the addition of 2% cholestyramine to a diet containing 20 mg/kg fumonisins significantly decreased the mean SA/SO ratios by about 50%, both in kidneys and in urine (28). Moreover, cholestyramine increased ochratoxin A excretion in rat (29) and inhibited the enterohepatic circulation of this mycotoxin in mice (30). Kerkadi et al (31) found that cholestyramine at 0.1, 1, and 5% significantly decreased by 30, 36, and 70%, respectively, the ochratoxin A concentration in the plasma of rats fed a diet containing 1 mg/kg of the mycotoxin.…”

Assessment of the Multi-mycotoxin-Binding Efficacy of a Carbon/Aluminosilicate-Based Product in an in Vitro Gastrointestinal Model

“…In in vivo experiments with rats, using the SA/SO ratio as a biomarker for bioavailable fumonisins, the addition of 2% cholestyramine to a diet containing 20 mg/kg fumonisins significantly decreased the mean SA/SO ratios by about 50%, both in kidneys and in urine (28). Moreover, cholestyramine increased ochratoxin A excretion in rat (29) and inhibited the enterohepatic circulation of this mycotoxin in mice (30). Kerkadi et al (31) found that cholestyramine at 0.1, 1, and 5% significantly decreased by 30, 36, and 70%, respectively, the ochratoxin A concentration in the plasma of rats fed a diet containing 1 mg/kg of the mycotoxin.…”

Hydrolysis of ochratoxin A by the microbial activity of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract of rats

“…The source of intact OA in the lower gut was not determined but may have been derived mostly from the bile following enterohepatic secretion (Moroi et al 1985;Roth et al 1988;Madhyastha et al 1992) rather than from incomplete absorption of dietary OA, as OA absorption was shown to be nearly completed in the stomach (Roth et al 1988). It may be concluded that the microbial population in the lower portion of the gastrointestinal tract of the rat is able to hydrolyze a considerable portion of ingested OA to the nontoxic Oe~ form which should reduce its overall toxicity.…”

Ochratoxin a: Its Cancer Risk and Potential for Exposure

“……”

Assessment of the Multi-mycotoxin-Binding Efficacy of a Carbon/Aluminosilicate-Based Product in an in Vitro Gastrointestinal Model

“…In in vivo experiments with rats, using the SA/SO ratio as a biomarker for bioavailable fumonisins, the addition of 2% cholestyramine to a diet containing 20 mg/kg fumonisins significantly decreased the mean SA/SO ratios by about 50%, both in kidneys and in urine (28). Moreover, cholestyramine increased ochratoxin A excretion in rat (29) and inhibited the enterohepatic circulation of this mycotoxin in mice (30). Kerkadi et al (31) found that cholestyramine at 0.1, 1, and 5% significantly decreased by 30, 36, and 70%, respectively, the ochratoxin A concentration in the plasma of rats fed a diet containing 1 mg/kg of the mycotoxin.…”

Hydrolysis of ochratoxin A by the microbial activity of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract of rats

“…The source of intact OA in the lower gut was not determined but may have been derived mostly from the bile following enterohepatic secretion (Moroi et al 1985;Roth et al 1988;Madhyastha et al 1992) rather than from incomplete absorption of dietary OA, as OA absorption was shown to be nearly completed in the stomach (Roth et al 1988). It may be concluded that the microbial population in the lower portion of the gastrointestinal tract of the rat is able to hydrolyze a considerable portion of ingested OA to the nontoxic Oe~ form which should reduce its overall toxicity.…”

Ochratoxin a: Its Cancer Risk and Potential for Exposure

“……”

Assessment of the Multi-mycotoxin-Binding Efficacy of a Carbon/Aluminosilicate-Based Product in an in Vitro Gastrointestinal Model

“…In in vivo experiments with rats, using the SA/SO ratio as a biomarker for bioavailable fumonisins, the addition of 2% cholestyramine to a diet containing 20 mg/kg fumonisins significantly decreased the mean SA/SO ratios by about 50%, both in kidneys and in urine (28). Moreover, cholestyramine increased ochratoxin A excretion in rat (29) and inhibited the enterohepatic circulation of this mycotoxin in mice (30). Kerkadi et al (31) found that cholestyramine at 0.1, 1, and 5% significantly decreased by 30, 36, and 70%, respectively, the ochratoxin A concentration in the plasma of rats fed a diet containing 1 mg/kg of the mycotoxin.…”

Hydrolysis of ochratoxin A by the microbial activity of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract of rats

“…The source of intact OA in the lower gut was not determined but may have been derived mostly from the bile following enterohepatic secretion (Moroi et al 1985;Roth et al 1988;Madhyastha et al 1992) rather than from incomplete absorption of dietary OA, as OA absorption was shown to be nearly completed in the stomach (Roth et al 1988). It may be concluded that the microbial population in the lower portion of the gastrointestinal tract of the rat is able to hydrolyze a considerable portion of ingested OA to the nontoxic Oe~ form which should reduce its overall toxicity.…”

Ochratoxin a: Its Cancer Risk and Potential for Exposure

“……”