Effect of Collagen-Polycaprolactone Nanofibers Matrix Coating on the In Vitro Cytocompatibility and In Vivo Bone Responses of Titanium

Abstract

The objective of this study was to improve the biomechanical performance of titanium (Ti) using a biocompatible electrospun nanofiber matrix. The study is based on the hypothesis that coating a Ti surface with a nanofiber matrix (NFM) made of collagen (CG) and polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofibers could increase the mechanical fixation of Ti/bone by improving the surface and cytocompatibility properties of Ti. This study prepared Ti samples with and without CG-PCL NFM coatings. This study determined the effects of each group of Ti samples on the surface topography and cytocompatibility (osteoblast cell adhesion, proliferation, mineralization and protein adsorption) properties. This study also determined interface shear strength and bone volume fraction of each group of Ti samples with bone using a rabbit model. This study found that the CG-PCL NFM coating on Ti improved the surface roughness, osteoblast cell adhesion, proliferation, mineralization and protein adsorption properties of Ti. studies found that interface shear strength of CG-PCL NFM-coated Ti/bone samples was significantly higher compared to those values of control Ti/bone samples ( value < 0.05) due to an increase in the amount of growth of the connective tissue joining the Ti implant. Therefore, the developed CG-PCL NFM coating technique should further be investigated for its potential in clinical applications.

An alternative ex vivo method to evaluate the osseointegration of Ti–6Al–4V alloy also combined with collagen

“…However, there is the need of exploring the efficacy and widening reliable models for screening the most promising materials before the adoption of in vivo models and in clinical use. Several in vivo models are used to test osseointegration of an implant [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…Among biological matrix, type I collagen (COLL I) plays a role in cell metabolism and physiology because it is the major structural protein of bone matrix and it is able to induce OB function, adhesion, differentiation and bone ECM component secretion [37,38]. In literature, COLL I (obtained from calf skin or rat tail) is already used as biological coating material of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy implant, showing high in vitro MSC attachment, spreading, proliferation and differentiation, OB response [4,[38][39][40][41] and in vivo high bone-to-implant contact (BIC or osseointegration) and bone ingrowth [4,[42][43][44].…”

Laser-Induced Microgrooves Improve the Mechanical Responses of Cemented Implant Systems

“…In previous research, we etched microgrooves in metal implants using a precision diamond sawing machine [10]. Our preliminary studies showed that microgrooving cementless titanium (Ti) implants significantly improve biocompatibility, mechanical stability, and osseointegration of the device [11,12]. Laser-induced micro-and nanotexturing that increase the surface area and roughness may further enhance the stability of press-fit implants by increasing friction [13].…”

Microgroove and Collagen-poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanofiber Mesh Coating Improves the Mechanical Stability and Osseointegration of Titanium Implants

“…Grooves on implants induce a higher amount of osteoblast cell function [ 14 ] and implant–bone contact area [ 15 ] compared to implants without grooves. Another way to improve the osseointegration of an implant is to coat the implant with a functional biomaterial coating that creates an extracellular matrix on the implant [ 16 ]. An extracellular matrix provides the principal means by which mechanical information is communicated between tissue and cellular levels of function [ 17 ].…”