Effect of clones, year of harvest and geographical origin of fruits on quality and chemical composition of Argan oil

Aithammou, Rachid; Harrouni, M. C.; Aboudlou, Leila; Hallouti, Ayoub; Mlouk, Mohamed; Elasbahani, Abdelhafed; Daoud, Salma

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.024

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…According to ANOVA followed by Tukey's test, significant differences between samples from different provinces (p < 0.05) were revealed for all studied fatty acids except arachidic acid (C20:0). These results agree with existing studies on unroasted Argan kernels mechanically pressed [16]. The highest oleic acid (C18:1) levels were noted in samples from Agadir Ida Outanane and Taroudant, at 48.87% and 48.80%, respectively.…”

Section: Chemical Composition 321 Fatty Acidssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Combination of Stable Isotopes and Fatty Acid Composition for Geographical Origin Discrimination of One Argan Oil Vintage

Elgadi

Ouhammou

Taous

et al. 2021

Foods

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Quality control and traceability of Argan oil requires precise chemical characterization considering different provenances. The fatty acid profile is an essential parameter that certifies the quality and purity of Argan oil. In addition, stable isotopes were recently shown to be accurate as an indicator for geographical origin. In this study, fatty acid composition by gas chromatography (GC) and stable isotope ratio by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) were investigated for classifying Argan oil according to its geographical origin. Forty-one Argan oil samples, belonging to six geographical origins of Moroccan natural Argan population (Safi, Essaouira, Agadir Ida Outanane, Taroudant, Tiznit and Sidi Ifni) were collected and extracted under the same conditions. The results show that the isotope δ13C, palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were strongly influenced by ecological parameters. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed to discriminate the six studied provenances. Discriminant models predicted the origin of Argan oil with 92.70% success. Samples from Safi, Essaouira and Agadir Ida Outanane presented the highest classification rate (100%). In contrast, the lowest rate was reported for samples from Tiznit (85.70%). The findings obtained for fatty acids and isotope combination might be considered as an accurate tool for determining the geographical origins of Argan oil. Moreover, they can potentially be used as specific markers for oils labeled with Protected Geographical Indication (PGI).

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Section: Chemical Composition 321 Fatty Acidssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The variability of Argan oil composition can be attributed to many factors such as climate [11], fruit forms [12], fruit maturity [13], oil extraction method [14], and storage conditions [15]. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the geographical origin and chemical composition relationship [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Stable Isotopes and Fatty Acid Composition for Geographical Origin Discrimination of One Argan Oil Vintage

Elgadi

Ouhammou

Taous

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Beside geographical origin, the fatty acid distribution is also affected by the argan variety, year of harvest and harvest time [ 24 ]. For example, Aithammou et al [ 17 ] reported a variation in UFA content between 78.3% and 81.8% (SFA between 18.2% and 21.7%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors selected argan tree samples from three locations, Ida Ou Semlal, Admin and Smimou, with distinct altitudinal levels, rainfall and temperatures. They found that the age of the trees and year of harvest did not significantly affect the fatty acid composition of the oils but confirmed the influence of geographical origin on fatty acid composition and that a specific correlation exists between fatty acids composition and individual tocopherols [ 17 ]. Unlike, Kharbach et al [ 15 ], Aithammou et al [ 17 ] did not attempt to show or apply multivariate statistics to prove that the fatty acid profile of argan could act as a determinant of provenance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the authors were able to classify EVAO according to its geographical origin and, in some cases preparation method, using a combination of UV-Visible fingerprinting and chemometric tools. Aithammou et al [ 17 ] studied the effect of clones, year of harvest and geographical origin of fruits on the quality and chemical composition of argan oil. The authors selected argan tree samples from three locations, Ida Ou Semlal, Admin and Smimou, with distinct altitudinal levels, rainfall and temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatty Acid Composition of Cosmetic Argan Oil: Provenience and Authenticity Criteria

et al. 2020

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In this work, fatty-acid profiles, including trans fatty acids, in combination with chemometric tools, were applied as a determinant of purity (i.e., adulteration) and provenance (i.e., geographical origin) of cosmetic grade argan oil collected from different regions of Morocco in 2017. The fatty acid profiles obtained by gas chromatography (GC) showed that oleic acid (C18:1) is the most abundant fatty acid, followed by linoleic acid (C18:2) and palmitic acid (C16:0). The content of trans-oleic and trans-linoleic isomers was between 0.02% and 0.03%, while trans-linolenic isomers were between 0.06% and 0.09%. Discriminant analysis (DA) and orthogonal projection to latent structure—discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed to discriminate between argan oils from Essaouira, Taroudant, Tiznit, Chtouka-Aït Baha and Sidi Ifni. The correct classification rate was highest for argan oil from the Chtouka-Aït Baha province (90.0%) and the lowest for oils from the Sidi Ifni province (14.3%), with an overall correct classification rate of 51.6%. Pairwise comparison using OPLS-DA could predictably differentiate (≥0.92) between the geographical regions with the levels of stearic (C18:0) and arachidic (C20:0) fatty acids accounting for most of the variance. This study shows the feasibility of implementing authenticity criteria for argan oils by including limit values for trans-fatty acids and the ability to discern provenance using fatty acid profiling.

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High‐throughput screening of argan oil composition and authenticity using benchtop ¹H NMR

Gunning

Jackson

Colmer

et al. 2020

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

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We use 60-MHz benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to acquire 1 H spectra from argan oils of assured origin. We show that the low-field NMR spectrum of neat oil contains sufficient information to make estimates of compositional parameters and to inform on the presence of minor compounds. A screening method for quality and authenticity is presented based on nearestneighbour outlier detection. A variety of oil types are used to challenge the method. In a survey of retail-purchased oils, several instances of fraud were found.

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Effect of clones, year of harvest and geographical origin of fruits on quality and chemical composition of Argan oil

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Combination of Stable Isotopes and Fatty Acid Composition for Geographical Origin Discrimination of One Argan Oil Vintage

Combination of Stable Isotopes and Fatty Acid Composition for Geographical Origin Discrimination of One Argan Oil Vintage

Fatty Acid Composition of Cosmetic Argan Oil: Provenience and Authenticity Criteria

High‐throughput screening of argan oil composition and authenticity using benchtop ¹H NMR

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Effect of clones, year of harvest and geographical origin of fruits on quality and chemical composition of Argan oil

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Combination of Stable Isotopes and Fatty Acid Composition for Geographical Origin Discrimination of One Argan Oil Vintage

Combination of Stable Isotopes and Fatty Acid Composition for Geographical Origin Discrimination of One Argan Oil Vintage

Fatty Acid Composition of Cosmetic Argan Oil: Provenience and Authenticity Criteria

High‐throughput screening of argan oil composition and authenticity using benchtop 1H NMR

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Product

Resources

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High‐throughput screening of argan oil composition and authenticity using benchtop ¹H NMR