Effect of clipping the coat on performance of calves in the field

Turner, HG

doi:10.1071/ar9620180

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…This observation substantiates the claim that Brahman and Brahman cross cattle regulate body temperature efficiently in that productivity is little reduced in hot environments (Turner 1984). Coat type is a major determinant of temperature control, through which it affects growth rate (Turner 1984), but there is some correlation between coat type and growth rate, independent of thermal effects (Turner 1962). Similar to TEMP, COAT also showed differences in the magnitude of its relationship with LWG between two breed groups.…”

Section: Phenotypic Correlationssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…However, lower rectal temperatures can be explained by sleek hair only in part as low temperatures may also be due to a higher sweating rate or lower heat production (Turner and Schleger 1960). Within British breeds, coat type is reported to be closely related to heat tolerance and is of wider significance as an index of adaptation in tropical environments (Turner 1962). This suggests that degree of relationship between TEMP and COAT differs between breed groups and is discussed further in following sections.…”

Section: Genotype Differencesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Some early studies compared breeds for their resistance to ticks and worms (Turner and Short 1972;Utech et al 1978;Frisch 1987), heat resistance (Turner 1982), coat score (Turner 1962), and temperament (Burrow and Corbet 2000). But there are very few studies examining a wide range of beef breeds for their resistance to parasites and heat and also temperament.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Evaluation of beef cattle genotypes and estimation of direct and maternal genetic effects in a tropical environment. 2. Adaptive and temperament traits

Prayaga¹

2003

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

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Data from a crossbreeding experiment conducted during 1992-97 involving 31 genotypes from tropically adapted British (B), Sanga-derived (S), Zebu cross (Zx), Zebu (Z), and Continental (C) beef cattle breed groups on adaptive traits such as mean tick counts (TICK), mean worm egg counts (EPG), mean rectal temperatures (TEMP), and mean coat scores (COAT), and the temperament trait mean flight time (FT) were analysed. The genotypes were grouped as Bos taurus (B, S, C)-and Bos indicus (Z, Zx)-derived to enable the comparison of direct (dD) and maternal (mD) dominance effects among indicine (II), taurine × indicine (TI), and taurine (TT) crosses. British breed group in this study consisted of Belmont Adaptaur, which is a tropically adapted selected line for tick resistance and 550-day liveweight and hence does not represent temperate British breeds. Coefficients of variation ranged between 15.1 and 55.4% and repeatability estimates varied between 0.26 and 0.45 in various adaptive and temperament traits. Significant (P < 0.01) genotype differences with better performance of Zebu and its crosses over taurine crosses were noticed in all the adaptive traits. Although genotype differences were significant for FT, no clear trend was noticed. Direct additive components of Z and Zx expressed as a deviation from the British mean were significant and negative (favourable) for all the adaptive traits, except for EPG in Zx, indicating better adaptability of Zebu and its crosses relative to the British. Unfavourable additive effect for EPG in the Sanga-derived breed group and undesirable additive effect for TICK and COAT in Continental breeds relative to the British were observed. All the adaptive traits benefited by crossing as demonstrated by significant and favourable dD effects in TI and TT crosses. Heterosis estimates were significant and favourable for all the adaptive traits in Z and B crosses. Treatment to control ticks and worms resulted in significantly increased liveweight gains (LWG) in a majority of genotypes, highlighting the negative effect of parasite burdens. As the Bos indicus proportion in the genotypes increased, the responses from treatment were reduced. The additive effect of Z in the treated group was only half that of the control group, relative to the British breed mean, indicating the advantage of Zebu in the presence of parasites. Low and insignificant phenotypic correlations among TICK, EPG, and LWG were observed. A significant positive correlation between TEMP and COAT and a negative correlation between TEMP and LWG were observed in the British purebreds.A R 0 3 0 7 2 K . C . P r a y a g a E v a l u a t i o n o f c a t t l e g e n o t y p e s . 2 .

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Section: Phenotypic Correlationssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Genotype Differencesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Evaluation of beef cattle genotypes and estimation of direct and maternal genetic effects in a tropical environment. 2. Adaptive and temperament traits

Prayaga¹

2003

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

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“…The broad characters in which correlated responses have been demonstrated are those related to improved heat tolerance and increased resistance to BIK, gastro-intestinal helminths and low planes of nutrition. These changes have occurred because in the presence of stress from high temperatures (Tables 3 and 8; Turner, 1962), BIK (Table 8; Frisch, 1975), gastro-intestinal helminths (Table 10; Seifert, 1971) and low planes of nutrition (Table 12; Frisch <& Vercoe, 1977), growth rate is directly related to the level of resistance to that stress. Thus the growth rate response which was achieved by selection principally for growth rate itself under conditions of moderate to high environmental stresses has been due entirely to improvements in resistance to those stresses.…”

Section: Application To Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes occurring in cattle as a consequence of selection for growth rate in a stressful environment

Frisch

1981

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYSince 1966 a closed line of Hereford × Shorthorn cattle (selected line) has been selected principally for growth rate under conditions of moderate to high environmental stress. Responses in growth rate were measured over the years 1970–5 as differences from an unselected control line. Birth weight declined but live weight at all other ages increased.Groups of animals were taken from each line in 1976 and 1977 and used to determine the reasons for the differences in growth rate. Growth rate of the groups was measured when they were exposed to several different levels of stress, namely, the plane of nutrition, high ambient temperature, infection with bovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis(BIK) or gastro-intestinal helminths. The selected line was shown to be more heat tolerant, to have lower maintenance requirements and greater resistance to infection with BIK and helminths and, in consequence, always had higher growth rates in the presence of these stresses. However, they did not have superior growth rate at low levels of these stresses. Thus, selection had not increased the components associated with growth potential, and the improvement in growth rate was achieved entirely through increases in resistance to environmental stresses which affected growth rate.The application of these findings to selection for growth rate, particularly in harsh environments, is discussed.

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“…A difference in site of evaporation of sweat could also explain the superiority in heat tolerance of summer-coated or clipped winter-coated cattle over undipped winter-coated animals studied by Yeates (1955) in a hot humid atmosphere. Turner (1962) found that clipping the coat improved heat tolerance in the field and this too might have been due to a change of site of evaporation. The only work published that has a bearing on this problem is the preliminary report mentioned above (Allen et al 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture, its accumulation and site of evaporation in the coats of sweating cattle

Allen¹,

Bennettf²,

Donegan³

et al. 1970

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYMoisture content of the coats of cattle, expressed as the percentage of the dry weight of hair, has been measured in a wide variety of environmental conditions in summer, springand winter. Strips of coat were clipped from 25 Jersey, 15 Zebu x Jersey crossbred and 9 Hereford heifers in a shed, in a climate room under warm, hot dry and hot humid conditions and outdoors both in sun and shade. Moisture content, weight of coat per unit area, depth of coat, skin and rectal temperatures, sweating and respiratory rates, air temperatures and vapour pressures were measured.The mean moisture content of the coats varied in the different environments from 5·8 to 27·5 % and mean sweating rates from 28 to 438 g m-2 h-1. Moisturein summer coats out of doors in the sun averaged 11·2% and was about the same as that outof doors in the shade. In the shed, coat moisture was also low (average 11·8%) and amounted to less than half of the moisture content of clipped hair in equilibrium with a near saturated atmosphere. Herefords that had been fed a low plane ration from winter to summer, retained their long winter coats and these, in summer, had only half the moisture content of the short coats of normally fed Herefords. In the hot room, the moisture content of summer coats was usually higher than out of doors and varied around 18%.The inner part of the coat had more moisture than the outer part and estimates of moisture gradients were made. Calculation of the contribution of sweating to total moisture in indoor environments showed that, at rapid rates of sweating, it was about 8% and was higher in winter andspring coats than in summer coats (Fig. 3). It was estimated that sun and wind reduced the moisture content of summer coats by about 3% in outdoor summer environments. The effect of sun and wind on moisture content of winter coats in the same environment was estimated at nearly 9%.The results suggest that the site of evaporation was at the skin except in very hot humid indoor environments when some free moisture may have been present in the hair.

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Effect of clipping the coat on performance of calves in the field

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of beef cattle genotypes and estimation of direct and maternal genetic effects in a tropical environment. 2. Adaptive and temperament traits

Evaluation of beef cattle genotypes and estimation of direct and maternal genetic effects in a tropical environment. 2. Adaptive and temperament traits

Changes occurring in cattle as a consequence of selection for growth rate in a stressful environment

Moisture, its accumulation and site of evaporation in the coats of sweating cattle

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