Effect of chromium chloride supplementation on glucose tolerance and serum lipids including high-density lipoprotein of adult men

Riales, R; Albrink, Margaret J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/34.12.2670

Cited by 177 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Serum cholesterol at 0 and 2 h post prandial and the basal triacylglycerol levels revealed significant effect of Cr on lipid metabolism as did earlier workers (Bunting et al, 1994;Kitchalong et al, 1995;DePew et al, 1996;Subyatno et al, 1996). Results from this study, therefore, support the suggestion that Cr supplementation has the potential to alter lipid metabolism (Riales and Albrink, 1981). The lower serum triacylglycerol at 0 h, however, was contrary to several earlier works reporting little or no effect of supplemental Cr on serum triacylglycerol level (Page et al, 1993;DePew et al, 1996;Besong et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Glucose tolerance and serum concentrations of hormones and metabolites in goats (Capra hircus) fed diets supplemented with inorganic and organic chromium salts

Haldar

Samanta

Banarjee

et al. 2007

Animal

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Adult goats (no. ¼ 18) were supplemented with chromium (Cr, 0.5 mg/kg concentrate) for 120 days as Cr chloride and Cr yeast complex and their responses in terms of glucose tolerance and serum profiles of metabolites and hormones were measured. The goats were fed 200 g/day of the concentrate and reared under a semi-intensive regimen. Cr supplementation significantly reduced serum glucose ( P ¼ 0.049) and cholesterol ( P ¼ 0.0001) levels compared with the same in the control group (calculated as % change between days 0 and 120). Serum cortisol on day 120 was lower in goats fed Cr chloride than in the control group ( P , 0.05). Overall, the mean cortisol level was lower ( P ¼ 0.001) in the goats receiving added dietary Cr. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed on the goats on day 75. The clearance rate (k) of glucose between 5 and 60 min of glucose infusion was significantly higher ( P ¼ 0.004) in the goats supplemented with Cr yeast compared with those on the control or the Cr chloride supplemented diets. The kinetic parameters as well as the k and T 1/2 responses for serum insulin during the IVGTT were not affected. The ratio between the insulin k to glucose k increased ( P ¼ 0.011) in the goats fed added dietary Cr as Cr chloride compared with the control and the Cr yeast groups. Post-prandial serum levels of glucose (diet effect P ¼ 0.038) and cholesterol (diet effect P ¼ 0.033) was lower in both the Cr supplemented groups than the control. Serum glucose during an epinephrine challenge test tended to remain elevated ( P ¼ 0.076) 2 h after epinephrine infusion in the Cr yeast group indicating a delayed return of serum glucose to the basal level. However, serum insulin and cortisol remained unaffected. Several changes in selected blood metabolites and hormone measurements were observed when Cr was added as a dietary supplement in the diet of the goats. Contrary to the generally accepted view, supplemental Cr may influence the metabolism of ruminants even in a nonstressed management regime.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Glucose tolerance and serum concentrations of hormones and metabolites in goats (Capra hircus) fed diets supplemented with inorganic and organic chromium salts

Haldar

Samanta

Banarjee

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…22 Cefalu et al (2010) 23 Chen et al (2014) 24 Crawford et al (1999) 25 Evans (1989) 26 Ghosh et al (2002) 27 Gunton et al (2005) 28 Grant and McMullen. (1982) 29 Grant et al (1997) 30 Hermann et al (1998) 31 Hermann et al (1994) 32 Jain et al (2012) 40 Lee and Reasner (1994) 41 Li et al (1992) 42 Li (1994) 43 45 Martinez et al (1985) 46 Mossop (1983) 47 Offenbacher and Pi-Sunyer (1980) 48 Offenbacher et al (1985) 49 Pasman et al (1997) 50 Pei et al (2006) 51 Rabinovitz et al (1983) 52 Rabinovitz et al (2004) 53 Racek et al (2006) 54 Riales et al (1981) 55 Singer and Geohas (2006) 56 Sharma et al (2011) 57 Sherman et al (1968) 58 Thomas and Gropper (1996) 59 Urberg and Zemel (1987) 60 …”

Section: Studies Measuring Hba1cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: limited evidence of effectiveness

2016

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Some adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) believe that chromium-containing supplements will help control their disease, but the evidence is mixed. This narrative review examines the efficacy of chromium supplements for improving glycemic control as measured by decreases in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Using systematic search criteria, 20 randomized controlled trials of chromium supplementation in T2DM patients were identified. Clinically meaningful treatment goals were defined as an FPG of 7.2 mmol/dL, a decline in HbA1c to 7%, or a decrease of 0.5% in HbA1c. In only a few randomized controlled trials did FPG (5 of 20), HbA1c (3 of 14), or both (1 of 14) reach the treatment goals with chromium supplementation. HbA1c declined by 0.5% in 5 of 14 studies. On the basis of the low strength of existing evidence, chromium supplements have limited effectiveness, and there is little rationale to recommend their use for glycemic control in patients with existing T2DM. Future meta-analyses should include only high-quality studies with similar forms of chromium and comparable inclusion/exclusion criteria to provide scientifically sound recommendations for clinicians.

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“…We retrieved 96 articles, of which 41 met eligibility criteria (online appendix Fig. 1 (18 -27), chromium chloride (50 -600 g/day, 15 studies) (21,22,24,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38), chromium nicotinate (200 -800 g/day, 5 studies) (39 -43), and chromium picolinate (60 -1,000 g/day, 15 studies) (39,44 -57). One study did not describe the chromium formulation (400 g/day) (58).…”

Section: Study Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipids

Tatsioni²,

et al. 2007

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OBJECTIVE -A systematic review of the effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A literature search was conducted in MED-LINE and the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau. Eligible studies were English language randomized controlled trials of chromium supplement intake Ն3 weeks, with Ն10 participants receiving chromium. All trials with glucose metabolism outcomes and trials of individuals with diabetes or glucose intolerance for lipid outcomes were included. Meta-analyses were performed as appropriate.RESULTS -Forty-one studies met criteria, almost half of which were of poor quality. Among participants with type 2 diabetes, chromium supplementation improved glycosylated hemoglobin levels by Ϫ0.6% (95% CI Ϫ0.9 to Ϫ0.2) and fasting glucose by Ϫ1.0 mmol/l (Ϫ1.4 to Ϫ0.5) but not lipids. There was no benefit in individuals without diabetes. There were some indications of dose effect and differences among chromium formulations. Larger effects were more commonly observed in poor-quality studies. The evidence was limited by poor study quality, heterogeneity in methodology and results, and a lack of consensus on assessment of chromium status.CONCLUSIONS -No significant effect of chromium on lipid or glucose metabolism was found in people without diabetes. Chromium supplementation significantly improved glycemia among patients with diabetes. However, future studies that address the limitations in the current evidence are needed before definitive claims can be made about the effect of chromium supplementation. Diabetes Care 30:2154-2163, 2007C hromium is an essential mineral that is thought to be necessary for normal glucose and lipid homeostasis (1-3). Trivalent chromium in a complex known as glucose tolerance factor is considered the biologically active form. It was originally discovered in brewer's yeast (4). Chromium chloride, chromium nicotinate, and chromium picolinate are commonly used formulations of trivalent chromium. Chromium picolinate is a formulation designed to improve absorption (5). Severe chromium deficiency is known to cause reversible insulin resistance and diabetes (6 -8). However, the effect of chromium supplementation in individuals who are not severely chromium deficient is unclear. Manufacturers aggressively promote the benefits of chromium in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and its associated conditions (type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease), and the public has embraced its use. Chromium supplement sales represent ϳ6% of the U.S. mineral supplement market (9).To clarify the role of chromium supplementation in the prevention and management of abnormal glucose and lipid homeostasis, we performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials on the effect of chromium supplement intake on glucose metabolism and lipid profile. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Literature search and eligibility criteriaWe conducted a systematic review of the English-language literature on the effects of chromium supplementa...

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Effect of chromium chloride supplementation on glucose tolerance and serum lipids including high-density lipoprotein of adult men

Cited by 177 publications

References 29 publications

Glucose tolerance and serum concentrations of hormones and metabolites in goats (Capra hircus) fed diets supplemented with inorganic and organic chromium salts

Glucose tolerance and serum concentrations of hormones and metabolites in goats (Capra hircus) fed diets supplemented with inorganic and organic chromium salts

Chromium supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: limited evidence of effectiveness

Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipids

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