Effect of changes in waist circumference on metabolic syndrome over a 6.6-year follow-up in Tehran

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This cohort study was conducted to evaluate the effect of waist change on metabolic syndrome (MetS) status and its parameters in 5720 participants, aged X20 years, of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study who were followed up for a mean of 6.6 years. Subjects/Methods: We measured waist circumference (WC) and MetS parameters at baseline (phase I: 1999) and at follow-up (phase III: 2008), and assessed this relationship across five groups: waist loss (oÀ2.0 cm); waist stable (À2.0 to 2.9 cm); mild (3.0-5.9 cm); moderate (6.0-8.9 cm) and large (X9.0 cm) waist gain. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Results: In phase I, the mean (s.d.) waist gain was 88.8 cm (11.7). Between phases I and III, the mean (s.d.) waist gain was 5 cm (7.9). There was 16% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 13.6-18.4) age-adjusted incident MetS and for every centimeter of WC gained over 6.6 years, the risk of MetS increased by 10% (odds ratio (OR) 1.10; 95% CI: 1.09-1.12). Compared with a stable WC in both genders, ORs for MetS for different waist gain groups were as follows: mild (OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.7-3.2); moderate (OR 3.5, 95% CI: 2.6-4.7) and large (OR 5.8, 95% CI: 4.5-7.6). Waist loss had a protective effect on MetS (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-0.9). Waist gain showed a detrimental effect on all parameters of MetS in both genders, except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting blood sugar in women. Conclusions: Waist gain, even mild, was a risk factor of the development of MetS and its parameters. Intervention for reducing WC could be an effective strategy to decrease incident MetS.

Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies

“…ST-HIIT reduced WC in overweight/obese populations and LT-HIIT significantly improved WC and % body fat in overweight/obese populations. The average change in WC was 2.13 cm for ST-HIIT and 2.23 cm for LT-HIIT, both above the cut-off value of >2 cm WC decrease which is suggested to confer improvements in metabolic syndrome risk factors 98. These findings suggest that HIIT is an effective stimulus for reducing body fat levels (even in the absence of weight loss) for those individuals with large fat mass.…”

What exercise prescription is optimal to improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults living with obesity? A network meta‐analysis

“…Findings from a large meta‐regression analysis exploring WC as a predictor of CVD reported an increase of 1 cm in WC resulted in a 2% increase in CVD risk 84 . Using these findings in reverse and the fact that even modest reductions in WC (<2 cm) confer improvements in all metabolic risk factors, 86 it is evident from this NMA that COM‐LM exercise was most effective when it came to reducing WC and this is associated with a 5.5% decrease in CVD risk, followed by AE‐V and AE‐M with a 4.5% and 4% decrease, respectively. Furthermore, COM‐LM was more than twice as effective in changing CVD risk compared with either low or moderate load resistance training, a finding that both consistent with 87 and contradictory 16 to previously published meta‐analyses.…”

The influence of high‐intensity interval training on anthropometric variables of adults with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis

“… found a reduction only in an extended intervention (>12 weeks), with a decrease of ~2 cm. These reductions in waist circumference can be considered clinically relevant because even modest reductions (<2 cm) confer improvements in almost all risk factors present in metabolic syndrome .…”

“…Wewege et al (27) observed a significant effect of HIIT with a waist circumference reduction of~3 cm in adults with obesity, while Batacan et al (23) found a reduction only in an extended intervention (>12 weeks), with a decrease of~2 cm. These reductions in waist circumference can be considered clinically relevant because even modest reductions (<2 cm) confer improvements in almost all risk factors present in metabolic syndrome (76).…”