Effect of cavitation conditions on amorphous metal synthesis

Grinstaff, Mark W.; Cichowlas, Andrzej A.; Choe, Seok Burm; Suslick, Kenneth S.

doi:10.1016/0041-624x(92)90068-w

Cited by 101 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…10 Amorphous iron was prepared by sonication of a 1M solution of iron pentacarbonyl in decalin following Suslick's procedure. 2,3 Amorphous iron (76 mg) was mixed with styrene (28 ml) without exposure to air. Hexadecane (10.7 ml, dried on 4A molecular sieves) was added in order to suppress the formation of coloured compounds.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The preparation of a polystyrene-iron composite by using ultrasound radiation

2000

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The cooling rates obtained during the collapse are greater than 10 7 K s À1 . 2,3 These high cooling rates have been utilized by Suslick and his coworkers in sonicating Fe(CO) 5 as a neat liquid or in solution, 2,3 where amorphous iron nanoparticles were the sole reaction products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The preparation of a polystyrene-iron composite by using ultrasound radiation

2000

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“…20 Ultrasonic irradiation of solutions containing volatile organometallic compounds such as Fe(CO) 5 , Ni(CO) 4 , and Co(CO) 3 NO produced porous, coral-like aggregates of amorphous metal nanoparticles. 20,21 A classic example of this is the sonication of Fe(CO) 5 in decane at 0 1C under Ar, which yielded a black powder. The material was 496% iron, with a small amount of residual carbon and oxygen present from the solvent and CO ligands.…”

Section: Chemical Effects Of Ultrasound For Nanomaterials Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonochemical synthesis of nanomaterials

2013

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High intensity ultrasound can be used for the production of novel materials and provides an unusual route to known materials without bulk high temperatures, high pressures, or long reaction times.Several phenomena are responsible for sonochemistry and specifically the production or modification of nanomaterials during ultrasonic irradiation. The most notable effects are consequences of acoustic cavitation (the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles), and can be categorized as primary sonochemistry (gas-phase chemistry occurring inside collapsing bubbles), secondary sonochemistry (solution-phase chemistry occurring outside the bubbles), and physical modifications (caused by high-speed jets or shock waves derived from bubble collapse). This tutorial review provides examples of how the chemical and physical effects of high intensity ultrasound can be exploited for the preparation or modification of a wide range of nanostructured materials.

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“…[2,4,[18][19][20] For instance, sonochemical decomposition of Fe(CO) 5 in hexadecane yields amorphous iron metal powder. [21,22] In the presence of organic or polymeric stabilizers (e.g., oleic acid or polyvinylpyrrolidone), colloidal iron nanoparticles are obtained instead. [23] Adding a sulfur source into the precursor solution produces nanophase iron sulfide, and replacing argon gas with oxygen as the purging gas leads to the formation of nanoscale iron oxide.…”

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confidence: 99%

Applications of Ultrasound to the Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials

2010

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Recent advances in nanostructured materials have been led by the development of new synthetic methods that provide control over size, morphology, and nano/microstructure. The utilization of high intensity ultrasound offers a facile, versatile synthetic tool for nanostructured materials that are often unavailable by conventional methods. The primary physical phenomena associated with ultrasound that are relevant to materials synthesis are cavitation and nebulization. Acoustic cavitation (the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles in a liquid) creates extreme conditions inside the collapsing bubble and serves as the origin of most sonochemical phenomena in liquids or liquid-solid slurries. Nebulization (the creation of mist from ultrasound passing through a liquid and impinging on a liquid-gas interface) is the basis for ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) with subsequent reactions occurring in the heated droplets of the mist. In both cases, we have examples of phase-separated attoliter microreactors: for sonochemistry, it is a hot gas inside bubbles isolated from one another in a liquid, while for USP it is hot droplets isolated from one another in a gas. Cavitation-induced sonochemistry provides a unique interaction between energy and matter, with hot spots inside the bubbles of approximately 5000 K, pressures of approximately 1000 bar, heating and cooling rates of >10(10) K s(-1); these extraordinary conditions permit access to a range of chemical reaction space normally not accessible, which allows for the synthesis of a wide variety of unusual nanostructured materials. Complementary to cavitational chemistry, the microdroplet reactors created by USP facilitate the formation of a wide range of nanocomposites. In this review, we summarize the fundamental principles of both synthetic methods and recent development in the applications of ultrasound in nanostructured materials synthesis.

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Effect of cavitation conditions on amorphous metal synthesis

Cited by 101 publications

References 16 publications

The preparation of a polystyrene-iron composite by using ultrasound radiation

The preparation of a polystyrene-iron composite by using ultrasound radiation

Sonochemical synthesis of nanomaterials

Applications of Ultrasound to the Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials

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