Effect of carboxylic acids as compatibilizer agent on mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch and polypropylene blends

Martins, Andréa Bercini; Santana, Ruth Marlene Campomanes

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.074

Cited by 54 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…investigated the rheological and morphological properties of reactively compatibilized thermoplastic olefin blends. Besides, some authors investigated the compatibility between PP and TPS including, Martins and Santana and Al‐Mulla et al . who studied the effect of different compatibilizers on compatibility of PP and TPS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of compatibilizer concentration on dynamic rheological behavior and morphology of thermoplastic starch/polypropylene blends

Raee

Avid

Kaffashi

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The reactive compatibilization of blends consisting polypropylene (PP) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) (70/30) with different portions of PP‐grafted maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA) is carried out by melt mixing. The esterification reaction between the starch hydroxyl and the PP‐g‐MA groups proved by the FTIR leads to a compatibility improvement. The dynamic rheological properties, morphology, elongation at break, and the impact strength of the blends were studied. The SEM images show that increasing the compatibilizer concentration reduces the dispersed TPS droplet size. The generalized Zener model states that an elastic interface is established (minimum α value) and enables us to predict the dynamic rheological properties of our blends in a longer frequency range to where the current experimental limitation exists. The modified Cross model is implemented to confirm better adhesion between phases when 20 wt % PP‐g‐MA is used (minimum ac value). The increase in the dynamic viscoelastic moduli at concentrations up to 20 wt % and the observed plateau at the elongation at break point at this concentration confirmed that this concentration is the optimum for the maximum stress transfer. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48742.

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“…[4][5][6] Mixture of PLA and thermoplastic starch, as a bio-degradable polymer blend, has extensively been studied in recent years. On the other hand, hydrophilic nature of starch causes a weak interfacial interaction between this polymer and the hydrophobic polymers like polyethylene (PE), 13 polypropylene (PP), 14 and PLA. 10 Ke and Sun 11 investigated the mechanical properties of PLA/starch with various blending ratios and found that the modulus of the PLA/starch increases up to 70 wt % of starch concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From microstructure to mechanical properties of compatibilized polylactide/thermoplastic starch blends

Nezamzadeh

Ahmadi

Taromi

2017

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Bio-degradable polymer blends of polylactic acid/thermoplastic starch (PLA/TPS) were prepared via direct melt blending varying order of mixing of ingredients fed into the extruder. The effect of interface interactions between PLA and TPS in the presence of maleic anhydride (MA) compatibilizer on the microstructure and mechanical properties was then investigated. The prepared PLA/ TPS blends were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile, and rheological measurements. Morphology of PLA/TPS shows that the introduction of MA into the polymer matrix increases the presence of TPS at the interface region. DSC results revealed the reduction of glass transition temperature of PLA with contributions from both TPS and MA. The crystallization temperature was decreased by the addition of MA leading to reduction of overall crystallization of PLA/TPS blend. The mechanical measurements show that increasing MA content up to 2 wt % enhances the modulus of PLA/TPS more than 45% compared to the corresponding blends free of MA compatibilizer.

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“…To improve the deficient interfacial adhesion between the two components, compatibilizers were used, citric acid being the most employed . Carboxylic acids, such as citric and stearic acids, have a polar group (COOH) that can react with the hydroxyl groups of starch through secondary bond forces, decreasing starch hydrophilicity and increasing the compatibility with PBAT . Notwithstanding, natural compatibilizers such as citric acid do not always lead to better results .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of incorporation of starch nanoparticles in PBAT/TPS composite films

Seligra

Moura

Famá

et al. 2016

Polymer International

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Films of PBAT/TPS (poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch) (starch plasticized with glycerol containing citric and stearic acids) without and with 0.6 wt% starch nanoparticles were produced by extrusion. The presence of nanoparticles during the extrusion process led to a higher degree of starch gelatinization improving starch compatibility with PBAT. Nanoparticles modified the interaction between the different components of the PBAT/TPS composite. The hydroxyl groups of the starch nanoparticles interacted with starch amylose by means of hydrogen bonds. In addition, nanoparticles modified the structure of the PBAT rigid segment (BT): a shift of T m of BT toward lower temperatures and a slight shift of the relaxation of the BT segment to higher temperatures were observed. The incorporation of nanoparticles also had a reinforcing effect on the PBAT/TPS matrix. The composite presented slight increases of Young's modulus (E) and stress at break ( b ) without affecting the strain at break ( b ). The rate of biodegradability was improved with the use of starch nanoparticles. The composite showed faster deterioration than the matrix, showing the first changes in its tonality and breakdowns at only 6 days of burial in compost.

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“…Much higher tensile strength and Young’s modulus of 115.4 MPa and 3.5 GPa respectively were obtained with the addition of 9 wt % of 2-MI [14]. Panapitiya et al’s work is also supported by Martins and co-workers [102], when they reported the successful incorporation of smaller carbon-backbone chain of carboxylic acids such as myristic acid (C14) and stearic acid (C18). The compatibilized immiscible blends of polypropylene (PP) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) with small amounts of C14 and C18 exhibited an increase of 17% and 25% in tensile strength at break, as well as 180% and 259% increase in elongation at break, respectively.…”

Section: Compatibilizers and Improvement In Mechanical Properties mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibilized Immiscible Polymer Blends for Gas Separations

et al. 2016

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Membrane-based gas separation has attracted a great deal of attention recently due to the requirement for high purity gasses in industrial applications like fuel cells, and because of environment concerns, such as global warming. The current methods of cryogenic distillation and pressure swing adsorption are energy intensive and costly. Therefore, polymer membranes have emerged as a less energy intensive and cost effective candidate to separate gas mixtures. However, the use of polymeric membranes has a drawback known as the permeability-selectivity tradeoff. Many approaches have been used to overcome this limitation including the use of polymer blends. Polymer blending technology synergistically combines the favorable properties of different polymers like high gas permeability and high selectivity, which are difficult to attain with a single polymer. During polymer mixing, polymers tend to uncontrollably phase separate due to unfavorable thermodynamics, which limits the number of completely miscible polymer combinations for gas separations. Therefore, compatibilizers are used to control the phase separation and to obtain stable membrane morphologies, while improving the mechanical properties. In this review, we focus on immiscible polymer blends and the use of compatibilizers for gas separation applications.

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“…To solve the problem of immiscibility between nonpolar polyolefins and other polar polymers, a compatibilizer, such as premade block or grafted copolymer having both a polar and nonpolar structure or polymers with reactive groups, can improve the miscibility effectively via chemical reaction during the melt‐blending process. Compatibilizers are used to reduce the interfacial tension and increase interface adhesion between the immiscible phases . Over the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to enhance the polarity of polyolefins by chemical methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibilization of polypropylene/poly(glycolic acid) blend with maleated poe/attapulgite hybrid compatibilizer: Evaluation of mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological characteristics

Cai

Liu

Cao

et al. 2020

Journal of Polymer Science

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In this work, the compatibilization effects of hybrid maleated POE/attapulgite hybrid compatibilizer (M‐POE/ATP) on the immiscible polypropylene/poly(glycolic acid) (PP/PGA) blends was investigated. The hybrid compatibilizer integrating strengthening, toughening and compatibilization functions was prepared via one‐step reactive extrusion using peroxidated ATP as the initiator. Then, the effects of compatibilizer dosage on the mechanical, thermal, rheological and morphological characteristics of blends were evaluated in detail. It was found that the hybrid compatibilizer resulted in the significantly enhanced compatibility and mechanical performance. Increased amount of compatibilizer content fractionated and almost wholly suppressed the crystallization process of PGA. The compatibilized blends showed higher thermal stability than pure PGA, and lower storage modulus and complex viscosity at higher shearing frequency. PGA in the blends presented a much lower degradation rate, which lead to the higher strength retention of 81% for the blend with 4 wt% of compatibilizer in buffer solution after 35 days.

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Effect of carboxylic acids as compatibilizer agent on mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch and polypropylene blends

Cited by 54 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of compatibilizer concentration on dynamic rheological behavior and morphology of thermoplastic starch/polypropylene blends

From microstructure to mechanical properties of compatibilized polylactide/thermoplastic starch blends

Influence of incorporation of starch nanoparticles in PBAT/TPS composite films

Compatibilized Immiscible Polymer Blends for Gas Separations

Compatibilization of polypropylene/poly(glycolic acid) blend with maleated poe/attapulgite hybrid compatibilizer: Evaluation of mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological characteristics

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