Effect of carbohydrate overfeeding on whole body macronutrient metabolism and expression of lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue of lean and overweight humans

Minehira, Kaori; Véga, Nathalie; Vidal, Hubert; Acheson, K. J.; Tappy, Luc

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802760

Cited by 84 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Taking into account the fact that lipogenesis is a process that leads to lipid synthesis (lipogenesis ''de novo,'') our results suggest that the consumption of highfat diets such as HSFA and HMUFA diets do not activate the ''de novo'' synthesis of lipids in MetS patients. This is in contrast to what was observed for the consumption of a low-fat high-complex carbohydrate diet, which seems to activate lipogenesis in adipocytes, as previously reported in a healthy, overweight population (Minehira et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Dietary fat modifies lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome patients

et al. 2014

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Adipose tissue (AT) is a key organ in the regulation of total body lipid homeostasis, which is responsible for the storage and release of fatty acids according to metabolic needs. We aimed to investigate the effect of the quantity and quality of dietary fat on the lipogenesis and lipolysis processes in the AT of metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients. A randomized, controlled trial conducted within the LIPGENE study assigned MetS patients to one of four diets: (a) high-saturated fatty acid (HSFA) (b) highmonounsaturated fatty acid, and (c, d) two low-fat, highcomplex carbohydrate diets supplemented with long chain (LC) n-3 (LFHCC n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or placebo (LFHCC), for 12 weeks each. A fat challenge reflecting the same fatty acid composition as the original diets was conducted post-intervention. Long-term consumption of the LFHCC diet induced an increase in the fasting expression levels of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase D9-desaturase genes, whereas the supplementation of this diet with n-3 PUFA reversed this effect (p = 0.007). In contrast, long-term consumption of the HSFA diet increased the expression of the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) gene, at both fasting and postprandial states (both, p \ 0.001). Our results showed the anti-lipogenic effect exerted by LC n-3 PUFA when administered together with a LFHCC diet. Conversely, a diet high in saturated fat increased the expression of the lipolytic gene ATGL relative to the other diets.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Dietary fat modifies lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome patients

et al. 2014

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“…This is in agreement with previous studies where lower expression of FASN was seen in adipose tissue of obese individuals, despite this group having increased hepatic lipogenesis compared with the lean [13], and where lower expression of FASN was seen in adipose tissue of obese individuals irrespectively of diet [35]. Other studies have not found any clear evidence that DNL is more active in adipose tissue obtained from obese individuals [36], even following a high carbohydrate diet [12]. In contrast to our findings, Berndt et al [14] recently found increased FASN expression in the adipose tissue of obese compared with lean individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Nevertheless, it is clear that DNL does operate in human adipose tissue [10,11], although it is not the major pathway for fat deposition. Expression of several lipogenic genes, principally FASN, has been shown to be higher in smaller human adipocytes [12,13]. Recently, however, it has been proposed that increased energy intake and accumulation of body fat is linked to increased expression of the lipogenic gene FASN in adipose tissue [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers of de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue: associations with small adipocytes and insulin sensitivity in humans

et al. 2009

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Aims/hypothesis Previous studies have shown relationships between fatty acid ratios in adipose tissue triacylglycerol (TG), adipocyte size and measures of insulin sensitivity. We hypothesised that variations in adipose tissue de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in relation to adiposity might explain some of these observations. Methods In a cross-sectional study, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies from 59 people were examined in relation to fasting and post-glucose insulin sensitivity. Adipocyte size, TG fatty acid composition and mRNA expression of lipogenic genes were determined. Results We found strong positive relationships between adipose tissue TG content of the fatty acids myristic acid (14:0) and stearic acid (18:0) with insulin sensitivity (HOMA model) (p<0.01 for each), and inverse relationships with adipocyte size (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively).

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“…Nonetheless, the evidence that adipose tissue is a site of DNL may be derived from different observations: Note that in the study described above, 33 the fractional activity of the pentose-phosphate pathway failed to increase after CHO overfeeding.…”

Section: Do Obese Women Convert More Cho To Fat Than Lean Women?mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In a more recent overfeeding study also performed in overweight subjects, whole-body net DNL was found to be lower than in normal subjects ( Figure 6). 33 One explanation for the lower value in overweight subjects is that their impaired suppression of plasma-free fatty acids observed after CHO loading may contribute to blunt net DNL, since it seems that fatty acids inhibit the expression of lipogenic enzymes. 33 This study concluded that whole-body net DNL is not increased in overweight individuals in the situation of positive energy balance induced by CHO overfeeding.…”

Section: Do Obese Women Convert More Cho To Fat Than Lean Women?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concept of fat balance in human obesity revisited with particular reference to de novo lipogenesis

Schütz

2004

Int J Obes

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The measurement of fat balance (fat input minus fat output) involves the accurate estimation of both metabolizable fat intake and total fat oxidation. This is possible mostly under laboratory conditions and not yet in free-living conditions. In the latter situation, net fat retention/mobilization can be estimated based on precise and accurate sequential body composition measurements. In case of positive balance, lipids stored in adipose tissue can originate from dietary (exogenous) lipids or from nonlipid precursors, mainly from carbohydrates (CHOs) but also from ethanol, through a process known as de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Basic equations are provided in this review to facilitate the interpretation of the different subcomponents of fat balance (endogenous vs exogenous) under different nutritional circumstances. One difficulty is methodological: total DNL is difficult to measure quantitatively in man; for example, indirect calorimetry only tracks net DNL, not total DNL. Although the numerous factors (mostly exogenous) influencing DNL have been studied, in particular the effect of CHO overfeeding, there is little information on the rate of DNL in habitual conditions of life, that is, large day-to-day fluctuations of CHO intakes, different types of CHO ingested with different glycemic indexes, alcohol combined with excess CHO intakes, etc. Three issues, which are still controversial today, will be addressed: (1) Is the increase of fat mass induced by CHO overfeeding explained by DNL only, or by decreased endogenous fat oxidation, or both? (2) Is DNL different in overweight and obese individuals as compared to their lean counterparts? (3) Does DNL occur both in the liver and in adipose tissue? Recent studies have demonstrated that acute CHO overfeeding influences adipose tissue lipogenic gene expression and that CHO may stimulate DNL in skeletal muscles, at least in vitro. The role of DNL and its importance in health and disease remain to be further clarified, in particular the putative effect of DNL on the control of energy intake and energy expenditure, as well as the occurrence of DNL in other tissues (such as in myocytes) in addition to hepatocytes and adipocytes.

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Effect of carbohydrate overfeeding on whole body macronutrient metabolism and expression of lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue of lean and overweight humans

Cited by 84 publications

References 31 publications

Dietary fat modifies lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome patients

Dietary fat modifies lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome patients

Markers of de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue: associations with small adipocytes and insulin sensitivity in humans

Concept of fat balance in human obesity revisited with particular reference to de novo lipogenesis

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