Effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics of TiO<sub>2</sub> synthesized from ilmenite and its applications for photocatalysis

Aristanti, Y; Supriyatna, Yayat Iman; Masduki, N P; Soepriyanto, Syoni

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/478/1/012019

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Furthermore, the fused frit was leached by using water in a ratio of 1:5 (w/v), after which it was dried. Then the acid leaching process was conducted using hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and citric acid with a concentration of 6.5M with leaching temperature of 90 °C and a leaching time of 240 minutes [2,6,13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on data in the Foreign Trade Statistics Bulletin by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), during 2019 Indonesia imported 3,690,304 kilograms of titanium oxide (TiO2). Because of this, the amount of TiO2 imports must be reduced by producing TiO2 through ilmenite sand processing in Indonesia [1][2][3][4]. Recent research has focused on developing innovative technologies for processing iron sands into products that are chemically equivalent to rutile [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten

Ginting,

Manaf,

Astuti

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Ilmenite is found in the form of iron sand with reserves of 927,315,827 tons spread across several regions in Indonesia, including Banten which has seven million tons of iron sand. This mineral can be used as a raw material for making TiO2 pigments. The problem faced in the use of Ilmenite is its complex mineral structure which causes difficulties at the processing stage. The synthesis of TiO2 from ilmenite ore commonly used the sulfate process and the chloride process. The sulfate process is less environmentally friendly, has excessive costs, and produces a lot of liquid waste. While the chloride process requires high-grade raw materials and requires chlorine gas. Therefore, in this study, the synthesis of TiO2 from ilmenite Banten using caustic fusion, acid leaching using hydrochloric acid, and the use of citric acid were conducted. Caustic fusion is conducted with ratio between ilmenite and NaOH is 1:2, with a fusion temperature of 850 °C and a fusion time of 60 minutes. Then next process is water leaching and acid leaching. The result of this study is that the TiO2 obtained from each acid leaching is hydrochloric acid leaching producing powder pigment with 94.189% TiO2, acetic acid leaching producing 37.099% TiO2, citric acid leaching producing 41.480% and hydrochloric acid leaching without fusion process producing 43.991% TiO2.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten

Ginting,

Manaf,

Astuti

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Calcination temperature affects the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of composites by affecting the texture properties and crystallinity (Aristanti et al 2019). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Removal Performance Of Toluene On Tio 2 /Acf-acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis for the degradation of toluene by TiO2 loaded on ACF modified by Zn(CH3COO)2

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Activated carbon fiber (ACF) was modified by Zn(NO3)2, ZnCl2 and Zn(CH3COO)2), respectively, and then TiO2 was loaded on the modified ACFs. The adsorption and photocatalysis performance were explored through the removal of toluene, and TiO2/ACF-Ac modified by Zn(CH3COO)2) with the best toluene performance was selected. The characterization results indicated that TiO2 was mainly loaded on the surface with large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups in anatase phase. The photoelectric chemical experiment results demonstrated that the modified ACFs remarkably improved the charge transmission and the separation efficiency of electrons and holes, and enhanced the utilization rate of sunlight. The adsorption saturation time reached 40 hours and photodegradation rate was 70%. The direct desorption of generated small molecule substances such as H2O and CO2 from the surface of the composites can achieve the in-situ regeneration of the adsorbent. Overall, the bifunctional catalysts provide a prospective way for the treatment of VOCs.

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“…Some ilmenites are difficult to dissolve in HCl and must first be oxidized and reduced, but a few are moderately dissolvable in HCl immediately [14][15][16][17][18]. Caustic fusion is one alternative method that is more environmentally friendly by using alkalis such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) followed by acid leaching [19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Grade Ilmenite Leaching Kinetics Using Hydrochloric Acid: RSM and SCM Approaches

Supriyatna,

Prasetya,

Astuti

et al. 2024

Indones. J. Chem.

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Minerals containing TiO2 are common in Indonesia, such as ilmenite in iron sand deposits scattered along the country's coasts. Ilmenite is an important source of titanium. One method for making TiO2 from ilmenite is by solubilizing both the Fe and Ti elements in HCl and then immediately hydrolyze the Ti. The leaching of low-grade ilmenite (ground to 0.177-0.149 mm) is studied kinetically by HCl in a stirred reactor. The research was conducted using the caustic fusion method followed by HCl leaching. The leaching reaction kinetics at the optimum conditions are analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM) with a second-order polynomial equation model and SSE with the shrinking core model (SCM). The results showed that HCl concentration and leaching time were directly proportional to the leached titanium concentration. In contrast, the leaching temperature was inversely proportional. The optimum operating conditions were obtained at a temperature of 30 °C, 9 M HCl, and 120 min of leaching time. The shrinking core model is a better representation of the kinetics than RSM with a second-order polynomial equation model. Based on SCM, the rate of the leaching reaction of titanium from low-grade ilmenite is controlled by diffusion through the ash layer.

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Effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics of TiO₂ synthesized from ilmenite and its applications for photocatalysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten

Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten

Synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis for the degradation of toluene by TiO2 loaded on ACF modified by Zn(CH3COO)2

Low-Grade Ilmenite Leaching Kinetics Using Hydrochloric Acid: RSM and SCM Approaches

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Effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics of TiO2 synthesized from ilmenite and its applications for photocatalysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten

Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten

Synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis for the degradation of toluene by TiO2 loaded on ACF modified by Zn(CH3COO)2

Low-Grade Ilmenite Leaching Kinetics Using Hydrochloric Acid: RSM and SCM Approaches

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Effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics of TiO₂ synthesized from ilmenite and its applications for photocatalysis

Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten

Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten