Effect of Biodegradation and Water Washing on Crude Oil Composition

Palmer, Susan

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2890-6_23

Cited by 110 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Once expelled, petroleum is still prone to modifications (Blanc and Connan, 1994;Palmer, 1984Palmer, , 1993 and records significant compositional changes. Compositional changes of petroleum during migration or in a reservoir develop from a number of processes including biodegradation, water washing, in-reservoir thermal alteration (oil-cracking), migration and evaporative fractionation.…”

Section: Secondary Alteration Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discussion on biodegradation presented in this thesis is confined to aerobic bacteria, which are generally accepted to be responsible for petroleum biodegradation on a commercial scale, while the role of anaerobic bacteria in petroleum biodegradation is still debated (e.g. Palmer, 1993). The degradation of petroleum compounds occurs in a sequential order (e.g.…”

Section: Biodegradation and Water Washingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal maturity, hydrocarbon potential and kerogen type of some Triassic–Lower Cretaceous sediments from the SW Barents Sea and Svalbard

Abay

Karlsen

Pedersen

et al. 2017

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Rock-Eval and total organic carbon (TOC) analyses of 144 samples representing Triassic–Lower Cretaceous intervals from the SW Barents Sea (the Svalis Dome, the Nordkapp and Hammerfest basins, and the Bjarmeland Platform) and Svalbard demonstrate lateral variations in source rock properties. Good to excellent source rocks are present in the Lower–Middle Triassic Botneheia and Steinkobbe, and Upper Jurassic Hekkingen formations, 1 – 7 wt% and 6 – 19 wt% TOC, respectively. Hydrogen indices of 298 – 609 mg HC/g TOC in the Botneheia Formation from Svalbard, and 197 – 540 mg HC/g TOC in the Steinkobbe Formation of Svalis Dome suggest Type II (oil-prone) and Type II/III (oil/gas-prone) kerogens, respectively. The Kobbe Formation (Botneheia/Steinkobbe-equivalent) is organic-lean and generally gas-prone (Type III kerogen) on the Bjarmeland Platform and in the Nordkapp Basin, and is a good source rock with Type III/II kerogen in the Hammerfest Basin. In the investigated wells, the Hekkingen Formation is more oil-prone on the Bjarmeland Platform than in the Nordkapp Basin, while Lower Cretaceous samples have poor potential for oil. Upper Triassic samples show potential mainly for gas; however, coal/coaly-shale samples in well 7430/07-U-01 (Bjarmeland Platform) are oil/gas-prone. Most samples analysed are immature to early mature; thus, the variation in petroleum potential and kerogen type is a function of organic facies rather than maturity levels.

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Section: Secondary Alteration Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biodegradation and Water Washingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal maturity, hydrocarbon potential and kerogen type of some Triassic–Lower Cretaceous sediments from the SW Barents Sea and Svalbard

Abay

Karlsen

Pedersen

et al. 2017

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“…Demethylated hopanes (norhopanes, m/z = 177) were not found in the extracts. Since these compounds are often used as indicators of advanced biodegradation, this may indicate a relatively low biodegradation of organic matter or dominance of the second biodegradation pathway, occurring with the preferential removal of steranes before hopanes and without norhopanes generation in rather oxic biodegradation conditions (Palmer, 1993, Peters et al, 2005.…”

Section: Post-depositional Alteration Of Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical characteristics of organic matter in the Lower Palaeozoic rocks of the Peribaltic Syneclise (Poland)

Skręt

Fabiańska

2009

Geochem. J.

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Organic matter occurring in Lower Palaeozoic rocks of variable lithology was investigated for its origin, depositional environment and thermal maturity. Samples from nine boreholes located in the Polish part of the Peribaltic Syneclise were collected for performing Rock-Eval Analysis, palynological investigation for Thermal Alteration Index (TAI), solvent extraction, preparative layer chromatography (PLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of aliphatic and aromatic compound fractions. It was found that kerogen belongs to either type I or commonly, to type II. It derives from variable, planktonic and planktonic-bacterial primary organic matter deposited in dysoxic environments in the eastern part of the Syneclise and in anoxic/suboxic conditions in the western and central parts. Organic matter is in the thermal evolution stage from late diagenesis to advanced metagenesis. Correlation of biomarker parameters, TAI and Rock-Eval results show that the thermal maturity of organic matter falls into three regional groups, increasing from the north-east to the south-west along the crystalline basement of the Eastern European Platform. The organic matter contained in Ordovician and Cambrian sediments of the western part of the Syneclise is overmature, reaching metagenesis. This is most probably related to the activity of the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone, where the Baltica and Eastern Avalonia paleocontinents collided during the Late Ordovician. It is also reflected in the profiles by elevated values of aromatic hydrocarbon and sulphur compound parameters, which show the highest levels of thermal maturity for organic matter present in the sediments of the Ordovician and Lower Silurian. Local influence of igneous intrusions on organic matter is also visible in changes in thermal maturity values at the direct contact with diabase dykes.

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“…UCMs of biodegraded oils typically contain a low abundance or complete absence, of aliphatic compounds (e.g. Connan, 1984;Rowland et al, 1986;Palmer, 1993;Swannell et al, 1995;Bost et al, 2001;Reddy et al, 2002). The removal of these constituents, which averages 32% of the total hydrocarbon composition of most crude oils (Killops and Killops, 2005) concentrates a preexisting complex mixture to yield the amplified chromatographic baseline of a UCM (Killops and Al-Juboori, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons extracted from Late Archean sediments by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC)

Ventura

Kenig

Reddy

et al. 2008

Organic Geochemistry

114

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Hydrocarbon mixtures too complex to resolve by traditional capillary gas chromatrography display gas chromatograms with dramatically rising baselines or "humps" of coeluting compounds that are termed unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs). Because the constituents of UCMs are not ordinarily identified, a large amount of geochemical information is never explored. Gas chromatograms of saturated/unsaturated hydrocarbons extracted from Late Archean argillites and greywackes of the southern Abitibi Province of Ontario, Canada contain UCMs with different appearances or "topologies" relating to the intensity and retention time of the compounds comprising the UCMs. These topologies appear to have some level of stratigraphic organization, such that samples collected at any stratigraphic formation collectively are dominated by UCMs that either elute early-(within a window of C 15 -C 20 of n-alkanes), earlyto mid-(C 15 -C 30 of n-alkanes), or have a broad UCM that extends through the entire retention time of the sample (from C 15 -C 42 of n-alkanes). Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) was used to resolve the constituents forming these various UCMs. Early-to mid-eluting UCMs are dominated by configurational isomers of alkyl-substituted and non substituted polycyclic compounds that contain up to six rings. Late eluting UCMs are composed of C 36 -C 40 mono-, bi-, and tricyclic archaeal isoprenoid diastereomers. Broad UCMs spanning the retention time of compound elution contain nearly the same compounds observed in the early-, mid-, and late retention time UCMs. Although the origin of the polycyclic compounds is unclear, the variations in the UCM topology appear to depend on the concentration of initial compound classes that have the potential to become isomerized. Isomerization of these constituents may have resulted from hydrothermal alteration of organic matter.

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Effect of Biodegradation and Water Washing on Crude Oil Composition

Cited by 110 publications

References 28 publications

Thermal maturity, hydrocarbon potential and kerogen type of some Triassic–Lower Cretaceous sediments from the SW Barents Sea and Svalbard

Thermal maturity, hydrocarbon potential and kerogen type of some Triassic–Lower Cretaceous sediments from the SW Barents Sea and Svalbard

Geochemical characteristics of organic matter in the Lower Palaeozoic rocks of the Peribaltic Syneclise (Poland)

Analysis of unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons extracted from Late Archean sediments by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC)

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