Effect of Biochar Addition on Mechanical Properties, Thermal Stability, and Water Resistance of Hemp-Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composites

Zouari, Mariem; DeVallance, David; Marrot, Laetitia

doi:10.3390/ma15062271

Cited by 25 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…15% for the PP/char composites. The same result of dimensional stabilization and global improvement of resistance to thermal degradation by adding BC particles to WPC was also confirmed through a study conducted by DeVallance et al [ 54 , 55 ]. A variation in final composite properties related to pyrolysis temperature was also highlighted in a polypropylene/poly (octene-ethylene) copolymer (POE) (70/30 wt.%) blend [ 56 ], in which 10 and 20 wt.% of high-temperature pyrolyzed biocarbon (HTBioC) and low temperature pyrolyzed biocarbon (LTBioC) from Miscanthus were added.…”

Section: Polymer-based Composites Containing Bcpsupporting

confidence: 61%

Sustainable Materials Containing Biochar Particles: A Review

Infurna,

Caruso,

Dintcheva

2023

Polymers

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The conversion of polymer waste, food waste, and biomasses through thermochemical decomposition to fuels, syngas, and solid phase, named char/biochar particles, gives a second life to these waste materials, and this process has been widely investigated in the last two decades. The main thermochemical decomposition processes that have been explored are slow, fast, and flash pyrolysis, torrefaction, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction, which produce char/biochar particles that differ in their chemical and physical properties, i.e., their carbon-content, CHNOS compositions, porosity, and adsorption ability. Currently, the main proposed applications of the char/biochar particles are in the agricultural sector as fertilizers for soil retirement and water treatment, as well as use as high adsorption particles. Therefore, according to recently published papers, char/biochar particles could be successfully considered for the formulation of sustainable polymer and biopolymer-based composites. Additionally, in the last decade, these particles have also been proposed as suitable fillers for asphalts. Based on these findings, the current review gives a critical overview that highlights the advantages in using these novel particles as suitable additives and fillers, and at the same time, it shows some drawbacks in their use. Adding char/biochar particles in polymers and biopolymers significantly increases their elastic modulus, tensile strength, and flame and oxygen resistance, although composite ductility is significantly penalized. Unfortunately, due to the dark color of the char/biochar particles, all composites show brown-black coloration, and this issue limits the applications.

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Section: Polymer-based Composites Containing Bcpsupporting

confidence: 61%

Sustainable Materials Containing Biochar Particles: A Review

Infurna,

Caruso,

Dintcheva

2023

Polymers

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“…It was reported that tensile strength and modulus increased with increasing BC loadings from 5% to 30%. Zouari, et al have prepared biocomposites using PLA, BC, and hemp fibers [ 19 ]. The results showed that upon adding 5 wt% BC, the tensile strength was increased, while Arrigo et al reported that tensile modulus values increase with increasing BC loading in PLA/BC composites, prepared by melt mixing or solvent evaporation [ 46 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is an abundant and renewable material, prepared from many types of biomass, including waste and low-value feedstocks. It has received increasing attention due to its high carbon content, large specific surface area, distribution of pore size [ 13 ], hydrophobicity [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], electrical conductivity [ 16 , 19 , 20 ], and stable structure [ 17 , 20 ]. These physiochemical properties may vary based on the preparation conditions, like pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, particle size, and composition of feedstock [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Study of Fully Biodegradable Composites Based on Poly(butylene succinate) and Biochar

et al. 2023

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Biodegradable polymers offer a promising alternative to the global plastic problems and especially in the last decade, to the microplastics problems. For the first time, samples of poly(butylene succinate) (PBSu) biocomposites containing 1, 2.5, and 5 wt% biochar (BC) were prepared by in situ polymerization via the two-stage melt polycondensation procedure. BC was used as a filler for the PBSu to improve its mechanical properties, thermal transitions, and biodegradability. The structure of the synthesized polymers was examined by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) along with an estimation of the molecular weights, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and light flash analysis (LFA) were also employed to record the thermal transitions and evaluate the thermal conductivity, respectively. It was found that the amount of BC does not affect the molecular weight of PBSu biocomposites. The fine dispersion of BC, as well as the increase in BC content in the polymeric matrix, significantly improves the tensile and impact strengths. The DSC analysis results showed that BC facilitates the crystallization of PBSu biocomposites. Due to the latter, a mild and systematic increase in thermal diffusivity and conductivity was recorded indicating that BC is a conductive material. The molecular mobility of PBSu, local and segmental, does not change significantly in the biocomposites, whereas the BC seems to cause an increase in the overall dielectric permittivity. Finally, it was found that the enzymatic hydrolysis degradation rate of biocomposites increased with the increasing BC content.

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“…The deposition of F1 resulted in further structural changes in the hemp fibers observed from the loss in fiber flexibility, causing a color change that becomes more apparent after the biocomposite fabrication. Indeed, achieving a consistent color is one of the most difficult criteria for reinforced polymeric composites [ 36 ]. The density of all the biocomposites was determined based on EVS-EN ISO 1183-1, with ethanol as the displacement medium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Efficient Alkali Treatment and the Effect of Flame Retardant on the Mechanical and Fire Performance of Frost-Retted Hemp Fiber Reinforced PLA

et al. 2022

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: This research investigates an effective alkali (NaOH) treatment and fire-retardant coating to produce biocomposites from frost-retted hemp fiber and PLA. The fiber surface treatment with various NaOH concentrations was investigated throughout a range of soaking times. The results show that the extracted non-cellulosic fiber content increases with treatment duration and NaOH concentration, while the fraction of targeted components removed remains nearly unchanged after soaking for 1, 2, and 4 h with a 5 wt.% NaOH solution. At the composite level, the treatment with 5 wt.% NaOH solution for 1 h emerged as the most efficient, with tensile strength, Young’s modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of 89.6 MPa, 9.1 GPa, 121.6 MPa, and 9.6 GPa, respectively, using 30 wt.% fibrous reinforcement. The fire performance of the examined batches of biocomposites improved significantly with the novel fire-retardant (Palonot F1) coating. However, the tensile strength notably decreased, while the flexural properties showed only a slight reduction. In most cases, the biocomposites with the alkali-treated hemp fiber had delayed ignition during the 5 min exposure to the cone heater. The findings in this work contribute to studies that will be required to give design guidelines for sustainable building options.

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Effect of Biochar Addition on Mechanical Properties, Thermal Stability, and Water Resistance of Hemp-Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composites

Cited by 25 publications

References 57 publications

Sustainable Materials Containing Biochar Particles: A Review

Sustainable Materials Containing Biochar Particles: A Review

Synthesis and Study of Fully Biodegradable Composites Based on Poly(butylene succinate) and Biochar

Investigation of Efficient Alkali Treatment and the Effect of Flame Retardant on the Mechanical and Fire Performance of Frost-Retted Hemp Fiber Reinforced PLA

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