Effect of Bentonite on the Pelleting Properties of Iron Concentrate

Líu, Hao; Xie, Bing; Qin, Yuelin

doi:10.1155/2017/7639326

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It is an indication that the degree of bentonite hydration is independent of prehydration time. This is because the hygroscopic property of bentonite which makes it useful in lightweight cement systems is con-trolled by the exchangeable cations, which was in this case the Na + cation [32]. Visual inspection of the samples in the 250 ml cylinder after the 2-hour test shows homogeneously formed cement pastes, Figure 6.…”

Section: Lightweight Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bentonite Prehydration Time on the Stability of Lightweight Oil-Well Cement System

2021

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Lightweight cement systems are used in the weak intervals of petroleum wells. Sodium bentonite is used as an extender in lightweight oil-well cement systems as it prevents excess water and sedimentation of particles, thereby ensuring the formation of homogenous and stable cement sheaths. The extending ability of sodium bentonite is enhanced when prehydrated. However, the optimum bentonite prehydration time and its effect on the stability of lightweight cement systems have not been well established. The objective of this study is to investigate the optimum sodium bentonite prehydration time and correlate it to the stability of lightweight oil-well cement systems. Bentonite suspensions were prepared by vigorous preshearing at 12000 rpm for 5 minutes, followed by aging times of 0, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. The swelling behavior of bentonite was investigated using a laser particle size analyzer. The Herschel-Bulkley model was used to determine the rheological parameters of the experimentally measured shear stress vs. shear rate data of the aged suspensions. The effect of calcium chloride salt on aged bentonite suspensions was investigated. Density measurements and pore space analysis with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique were used to investigate the homogeneity of cement-based cores. It was observed that bentonite swells with time and, after 30 minutes, the swelling is insignificant; however, the swelling property did not have any observed impact on the properties of cement systems designed with the bentonite aged at different times. In general, all the lightweight cement slurries exhibited similar properties, in terms of rheology, stability, and homogeneity, regardless of the bentonite prehydration time. These findings indicate that aging bentonite suspension after vigorous preshearing in lightweight cement design is unnecessary and would only contribute to nonproductive time.

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Section: Lightweight Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bentonite Prehydration Time on the Stability of Lightweight Oil-Well Cement System

2021

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“…The most important binder for production of iron oxide pellets is inorganic bentonite. [17] Bentonite is a silicate with a low melting temperature. The silicate components melt, pull particles together, and promote sintering of iron oxide grains.…”

Section: Briquetting With a Bindermentioning

confidence: 99%

Briquetting of Fine‐Grained Residues from Iron and Steel Production Using Organic and Inorganic Binders

Lohmeier

Thaler

Harris

et al. 2020

steel research int.

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The Midrex process produces metallurgical residues in the form of dust, sludge, and fines. As these have high iron content, herein, the aim is to recycle the residues and use them as an educt in the Midrex process, thus closing the material cycle and increasing raw material efficiency. Briquetting of these materials with binder is one possibility to prepare them for the use as an educt in the Midrex process. Experiments are conducted to test the suitability of the organic binders starch and cellulose for briquetting. Furthermore, tests with the inorganic bentonite are included for comparison. Briquettes are generally characterized by high strength. However, compared with iron oxide pellets, they have a low porosity and thus a higher apparent density, and consequently, a worse reducibility. The use of organic binders should improve the reducibility. The iron oxides are in close contact with the C‐carrier of the organic binder so that a solid–solid phase direct reduction can take place. Furthermore, the solid carbon reacts to CO, and thus, increases the presence of reducing gas in the enlarged pores of the briquettes, and should therefore increase the degree of reduction.

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“…Such factors put the wound at risk of complications like keloid formation (excessive collagen production), hypertrophic scar (granulation tissue over produced), wound dehiscence (physical rupture) and wound contractures [6]. We explored the anti-inflammatory and wound healing potential of bentonite which contains montmorillonite as its principle constituent along with kaolinite, illite, and nonargillaceous detrital minerals [7]. Clay minerals possess natural properties against organic and inorganic contamination that can be enhanced by their further modification [8].…”

Section: C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wound Healing Effects of Bentonite: A Rabbit Model Experimental Study

Phull

Arain

Ansari

et al. 2018

BJSTR

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Background: Injuries and infection result into wounds with variety of complexed stepwise sequenced events leading to either healing or complications. Wound management is based on multidimensional approach from removing the causative source, maintaining local antiseptic environment, preventing aggravating factors and encouraging the wound healing promoting agents. The best is the combination of all properties together bentonite was evaluated for such role in the current study. Study Design and Place: This Quasi Experimental work on Rabbit model took place at Isra University in department of Pharmacology/Pathology and Animal House.Methodology: Wound was induced artificially in rabbits under anti septic protocols following their selection under inclusion/exclusion criteria. Bentonite was applied on the wound in the form of paste and followed up for observing improvement or complications. Wound size was measured on regular bases with tape while histological parameters were observed by the pathologists after periodical sacrifice of animals to document changes with time space.Statistical Analysis: Mean size of wound was compared at different stages after induction like after 3days, after 7days and after 13 days using ANOVA on SPSS version 22 while histological results were marked as +, ++, +++, ++++ for mild, moderate, intense and severe to show various stages of healing.Results: There was a significant difference in wound size between the initial sizes and the wound size at 7 th and 13 th days 3.98±0.49, 3.18±0.62 and 1.01±0.01respectively with p-value 0.0007 that was statistically highly significant supported by histological examination. Conclusion:Bentonite possesses anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.

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Effect of Bentonite on the Pelleting Properties of Iron Concentrate

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Effect of Bentonite Prehydration Time on the Stability of Lightweight Oil-Well Cement System

Effect of Bentonite Prehydration Time on the Stability of Lightweight Oil-Well Cement System

Briquetting of Fine‐Grained Residues from Iron and Steel Production Using Organic and Inorganic Binders

Wound Healing Effects of Bentonite: A Rabbit Model Experimental Study

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