Effect of Au addition on hydrogen permeation and the resistance to H2S on Pd-Ag alloy membranes

Meléndez, J.; Nooijer, Niek de; Coenen, Kai; Fernandez, Ekain; Viviente, J.L.; Annaland, Martin van Sint; Arias, P.L.; Tanaka, David A. Pacheco; Gallucci, Fausto

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2017.08.029

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The decrease in hydrogen flux was expected, since at 600 °C there is a strong interaction between the alumina support and the palladium layer [8]. A similar increase in nitrogen permeation was observed after 150 h at 600 °C in single gas conditions for a Pd94.9Ag5.1 membrane by Melendez et al [29]. The main purpose of the high temperature stability test in this work is to differentiate between different effects that cause the increase in nitrogen permeance, which is further discussed in the post characterization section.…”

Section: High Temperature Stabilitysupporting

confidence: 59%

Long-Term Stability of Thin-Film Pd-Based Supported Membranes

et al. 2019

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Membrane reactors have demonstrated a large potential for the production of hydrogen via reforming of different feedstocks in comparison with other reactor types. However, the long-term performance and stability of the applied membranes are extremely important for the possible industrial exploitation of these reactors. This study investigates the long-term stability of thin-film Pd-Ag membranes supported on porous Al2O3 supports. The stability of five similarly prepared membranes have been investigated for 2650 h, up to 600 °C and in fluidized bed conditions. Results show the importance and the contribution of the sealing of the membranes at temperatures up to 500 °C. At higher temperatures the membranes surface deformation results in pinhole formation and a consequent decrease in selectivity. Stable operation of the membranes in a fluidized bed is observed up to 450 °C, however, at higher temperatures the scouring action of the particles under fluidization causes significant deformation of the palladium surface resulting in a decreased selectivity.

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Section: High Temperature Stabilitysupporting

confidence: 59%

Long-Term Stability of Thin-Film Pd-Based Supported Membranes

et al. 2019

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“…On the other hand, ceramic supports provide a smoother surface with accurate control on porosity and narrow pore sizes distributions up to a few nanometres [ 38 ]. These properties facilitate the deposition of defect-free palladium layers with really low thickness and many researchers choose to use them as support for membranes [ 41 , 53 , 84 ]. Among some possibilities, the use of alumina, Al 2 O 3 [ 102 , 103 ], is predominant, usually combining both α-Al 2 O 3 and γ-Al 2 O 3 particles in order to prepare asymmetric supports with big pores in the core to ensure greater permeabilities and smaller ones on the top layer to facilitate the palladium incorporation [ 71 ].…”

Section: Membrane Supportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First works suggest that particular compositions seems to reach an additional improvement on the membrane properties as compared to binary alloys, in terms of increasing hydrogen permeability and/or chemical resistance [ 56 ]. Alloying Pd simultaneously with two or more other metals (i.e., Ag, Cu, or Au) it is possible to improve not only the membrane permeability but also the mechanical and chemical resistances to sulphur poisons at the same time [ 41 , 201 ]. Additionally, the use of cheaper materials (i.e., Ag or Cu) in these formulations reduces the membrane cost [ 219 , 220 , 221 , 222 ].…”

Section: Pd-alloy Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palladium is expensive and scarce and the growing demand for its use in large-scale applications is expected to keep driving up its price [ 34 ]. Two of the most studied strategies to reduce the cost of the membranes are: (a) minimizing the amount of palladium required to achieve a fully dense layer [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ] and (b) increasing the use life-span since these membranes can suffer deactivation by poisoning and cracking by thermal or mechanical stress [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Taking into account the typical equation used to describe the hydrogen permeation flux (

) through a Pd-based membrane (Richardson equation, Equation (1)) as function of hydrogen permeability ( k ), metal thickness ( t ) and pressure driving force

, it is obvious that a decrease in the metal thickness provokes an increase of the permeation capability [ 28 , 44 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Supported Pd-Based Membranes Preparation by Electroless Plating for Ultra-Pure Hydrogen Production

et al. 2018

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In the last years, hydrogen has been considered as a promising energy vector for the oncoming modification of the current energy sector, mainly based on fossil fuels. Hydrogen can be produced from water with no significant pollutant emissions but in the nearest future its production from different hydrocarbon raw materials by thermochemical processes seems to be more feasible. In any case, a mixture of gaseous compounds containing hydrogen is produced, so a further purification step is needed to purify the hydrogen up to required levels accordingly to the final application, i.e., PEM fuel cells. In this mean, membrane technology is one of the available separation options, providing an efficient solution at reasonable cost. Particularly, dense palladium-based membranes have been proposed as an ideal chance in hydrogen purification due to the nearly complete hydrogen selectivity (ideally 100%), high thermal stability and mechanical resistance. Moreover, these membranes can be used in a membrane reactor, offering the possibility to combine both the chemical reaction for hydrogen production and the purification step in a unique device. There are many papers in the literature regarding the preparation of Pd-based membranes, trying to improve the properties of these materials in terms of permeability, thermal and mechanical resistance, poisoning and cost-efficiency. In this review, the most relevant advances in the preparation of supported Pd-based membranes for hydrogen production in recent years are presented. The work is mainly focused in the incorporation of the hydrogen selective layer (palladium or palladium-based alloy) by the electroless plating, since it is one of the most promising alternatives for a real industrial application of these membranes. The information is organized in different sections including: (i) a general introduction; (ii) raw commercial and modified membrane supports; (iii) metal deposition insights by electroless-plating; (iv) trends in preparation of Pd-based alloys, and, finally; (v) some essential concluding remarks in addition to futures perspectives.

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“…Resistance to H 2 S poisoning is improved by alloying palladium with noble metals. The most common alloys which present poisoning resistance are Pd-Cu [ 156 ] and Pd-Au [ 127 ] alloys.…”

Section: Characteristics and Properties Of Membranes For Hydrogen mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Pd-Based Membranes for Membrane Reactors

et al. 2017

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Palladium-based membranes for hydrogen separation have been studied by several research groups during the last 40 years. Much effort has been dedicated to improving the hydrogen flux of these membranes employing different alloys, supports, deposition/production techniques, etc. High flux and cheap membranes, yet stable at different operating conditions are required for their exploitation at industrial scale. The integration of membranes in multifunctional reactors (membrane reactors) poses additional demands on the membranes as interactions at different levels between the catalyst and the membrane surface can occur. Particularly, when employing the membranes in fluidized bed reactors, the selective layer should be resistant to or protected against erosion. In this review we will also describe a novel kind of membranes, the pore-filled type membranes prepared by Pacheco Tanaka and coworkers that represent a possible solution to integrate thin selective membranes into membrane reactors while protecting the selective layer. This work is focused on recent advances on metallic supports, materials used as an intermetallic diffusion layer when metallic supports are used and the most recent advances on Pd-based composite membranes. Particular attention is paid to improvements on sulfur resistance of Pd based membranes, resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and stability at high temperature.

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Effect of Au addition on hydrogen permeation and the resistance to H2S on Pd-Ag alloy membranes

Cited by 38 publications

References 41 publications

Long-Term Stability of Thin-Film Pd-Based Supported Membranes

Long-Term Stability of Thin-Film Pd-Based Supported Membranes

Review of Supported Pd-Based Membranes Preparation by Electroless Plating for Ultra-Pure Hydrogen Production

Recent Advances in Pd-Based Membranes for Membrane Reactors

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