Effect of Aqueous Film‐Forming Foams on the Evaporation Rate of Hydrocarbon Fuels

Ranjbar, Hemat; Shahraki, Bahram Hashemi

doi:10.1002/ceat.201200401

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) are routinely used to extinguish hydrocarbon fuel fires. They rely on a mixture of hydrocarbon and fluoroalkyl surfactants to create a thin film on the surface of the fuel, preventing its contact with oxygen and therefore reignition. − Fluoroalkyl surfactants, also known as polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), have been in the spotlight for over a decade due to their ubiquitous environmental occurrence, persistence and toxicity. − Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are the two most well-known and monitored PFASs. The information on their health and environmental effects led to their ban or phase-out in several countries, as well as the addition of PFOS and its salts to Annex B of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2009 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Fluoroalkylated Surfactants in Soils Following Firefighting Foam Deployment During the Lac-Mégantic Railway Accident

Mejia-Avendaño

Munoz

Duy

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

114

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The derailment of an unmanned train carrying crude oil and subsequent fire in the town of Lac-Mégantic, Quebec, led to the use of 33 000 L of aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) concentrate. While it is known that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) contained in AFFFs pose a potential environmental and health risk, critical knowledge gaps remain as regards to their environmental fate after release. The accident in Lac-Mégantic provided valuable information regarding the identity and concentration of PFASs present in the soil after the AFFF deployment, as well as their possible transformation over time. The current study analyzed four sets of samples from Lac-Mégantic: soil collected days after the accident from a heavily impacted area, soil sampled two years later from the treatment biopiles, soil collected two years after the accident from downtown Lac-Mégantic, and nonimpacted soil from a nearby area. A total of 33 PFASs were quantified in the soils. The highest observed concentrations correspond to those of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamidoalkyl betaine, 6:2 and 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonates, and short chain perfluorocarboxylic acids. The soils collected in Lac-Mégantic two years after the accident show a total PFAS concentration that is ∼50 times lower than soils collected in 2013, while the proportion of perfluoroalkyl acids in those samples shows an increase. Qualitative analysis revealed the presence in soil of 55 additional PFASs that had been previously identified in AFFF formulations. The present study highlights the need to perform detailed analysis of AFFF impacted sites, instead of focusing solely on perfluoroalkyl acids.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Fluoroalkylated Surfactants in Soils Following Firefighting Foam Deployment During the Lac-Mégantic Railway Accident

Mejia-Avendaño

Munoz

Duy

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

114

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…ãäå Ð 0 -äàâëåíèå íàñûùåííîãî ïàðà ïðè íîðìàëüíîé òåìïåðàòóðå, Ïà; DÍ -òåïëîòà èñïàðåíèÿ ÃAE, Äae/êã; Ò s -òåìïåðàòóðà ïîâåðõíîñòè ïðè äàâëåíèè Ð s , Ê. Ñíèaeåíèå òåìïåðàòóðû ïîâåðõíîñòíîãî ñëîÿ ïðîèñõîäèò ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíî âåëè÷èíå ïîòîêà aeèäêîñòè, óâëåêàåìîãî ïåíîé. Ðàñõîä ïîòîêà aeèäêîñòè q g (êã/ñ) ïðîïîðöèîíàëåí èíòåíñèâíîñòè ïîäà÷è âîçäóøíîé ñòðóè [22,23]. Â äàííîì ñëó÷àå ïîòîê ïåíû íèçêîé êðàòíîñòè q F (êã/(ì 2 ·ñ)) îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ èç ôîðìóëû…”

Section: ðåçóëüòàòû è èõ îáñóAeäåíèåunclassified

Extinguishing of flammable liquids by film forming foaming agents

Korolchenko¹,

Volkov²

2017

PVB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Heat flow from a flame jet is spent generally on oil vaporization and formation of a flow of combustible vapors in combustion zone [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Dispersion of heat through the side area of the metal tank is proportional to a thickness of homothermal layer -h.…”

Section: Formation Homothermal Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of parameters affecting the safety of tank farms in case of emergency

Gorev

Roytman

2016

MATEC Web Conf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The current article demonstrates that the physical nature of blow-out of oil products burning in the tank is connected with overheating and fast vaporization of bottom water accumulated in the tank or on a surface of internal floating roof. It is shown that the period of time, during which the homothermal layer of oil, heated up to the boiling point while burning in the tank, reaches the level of bottom water or the water added in the tank in the process of extinguishing depends on the heat losses into environment through the side surface of the tank. It is determined that blow-out time depends on the water cooled surface area of the tank. It is shown that intensive water cooling extremely decreases the rate of formation of homothermal layer with increasing of its thickness.

show abstract

Effect of Aqueous Film‐Forming Foams on the Evaporation Rate of Hydrocarbon Fuels

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Novel Fluoroalkylated Surfactants in Soils Following Firefighting Foam Deployment During the Lac-Mégantic Railway Accident

Novel Fluoroalkylated Surfactants in Soils Following Firefighting Foam Deployment During the Lac-Mégantic Railway Accident

Extinguishing of flammable liquids by film forming foaming agents

Prediction of parameters affecting the safety of tank farms in case of emergency

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About