Effect of ammonia on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Halseid, Rune; Vie, Preben J. S.; Tunold, R.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.10.011

Cited by 214 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A second example is the contamination caused by NH 3 in the fuel stream. The presence of NH 3 [17] may lead to formation of NH 4 + , which replaces protons in the membrane and ionomer, reducing proton conductivity. A third example is cathode contamination caused by toluene in the air stream.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEM fuel cell cathode contamination in the presence of cobalt ion (Co2+)

Gazzarri

Tsay

et al. 2010

Electrochimica Acta

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was injected into the cathode air stream, and Co 2+ contamination became more severe with decreasing temperature. To investigate in detail the mechanism of Co 2+ poisoning, AC impedance was monitored before and during Co 2+ injection, revealing that both charge transfer and mass transport related processes deteriorated significantly in the presence of Co 2+ , whereas membrane conductivity decreased to a lesser extent. Surface cyclic voltammetry and contact angle measurements further revealed changes in physical properties, such as active Pt surface area and hydrophilicity, furthering our understanding of the contamination process.Crown

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEM fuel cell cathode contamination in the presence of cobalt ion (Co2+)

Gazzarri

Tsay

et al. 2010

Electrochimica Acta

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“…With respect to contamination impact observation, the effects on fuel cell performance of impurities such as CO, CO 2 ,H 2 S, and NH 3 in the fuel feed [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and SO x ,N O x ,H 2 S, and NH 3 [16,[21][22][23][24] in the air stream have been extensively examined. A study of battlefield air impurities such as benzene, propane, HCN, CNCL, sarin, and sulfur mustard has also been reported [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A general model for air-side proton exchange membrane fuel cell contamination

Shi

Song

et al. 2009

Journal of Power Sources

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. This paper presents a general model for air-side feed stream contamination that has the capability of simulating both transient and steady-state performance of a PEM fuel cell in the presence of air-side feed stream impurities. The model is developed based on the oxygen reduction reaction mechanism, contaminant surface adsorption/desorption, and electrochemical reaction kinetics. The model is then applied to the study of air-side toluene contamination. Experimental data for toluene contamination at four current densities (0.2, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 A cm −2 ) and three contamination levels (1, 5 and 10 ppm) were used to validate the model. In addition, it is expected that, with parameter adjustment, this model can also be used to predict performance degradation caused by other air impurities such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and sulfur oxides (SO x ). Crown

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“…Some amount of pore-forming agents decomposed during the fuel cell test and released ammonia gas to the medium, which poisoned the cell. It has been stated that even 1 ppm NH 3 can significantly affect the performance (Halseid et al, 2006). When we investigate the structures of pore-forming agents we see that they all decompose to CO 2 and NH 3 .…”

Section: E ş Engü L Et Almentioning

confidence: 77%

Effect of Gas Diffusion Layer Characteristics and Addition of Pore-Forming Agents on the Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Şengül

Erkan

Eroğlu

et al. 2008

Chemical Engineering Communications

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The performance of five layer membrane electrode assemblies having different characteristics of gas diffusion layers was determined at 70 C cell temperature and ambient pressure. The maximum power density at 0.6 V was 0.36 W=cm 2 for the membrane electrode assembly prepared with the gas diffusion layer having minimum thickness (SGL BC 30 type). On the other hand, the maximum power density at 0.5 V was 0.44 W=cm 2 for the membrane electrode assembly prepared with SGL BC 34 type gas diffusion layer. It was found that resistance of a membrane electrode assembly is strongly dependent on gas diffusion layer thickness. Moreover, membrane electrode assemblies prepared with carbon paper gas diffusion layers resulted in higher performance than the assembly prepared with carbon cloth gas diffusion layer. Addition of pore-forming agents, which were ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfonate, and ammonium oxalate, to the catalyst ink lowered the performance.

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Effect of ammonia on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Cited by 214 publications

References 23 publications

PEM fuel cell cathode contamination in the presence of cobalt ion (Co2+)

PEM fuel cell cathode contamination in the presence of cobalt ion (Co2+)

A general model for air-side proton exchange membrane fuel cell contamination

Effect of Gas Diffusion Layer Characteristics and Addition of Pore-Forming Agents on the Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

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