Effect of aluminosilicates and bentonite on aflatoxin‐induced developmental toxicity in rat

Abstract

Numerous studies have established that aflatoxin is a potent developmental toxin in animals. Previous research has demonstrated that a phyllosilicate clay, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS or Novasil™), tightly binds and immobilizes aflatoxins in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and markedly reduces the bioavailability and toxicity of aflatoxin. Our objective in this study was to utilize the pregnant rat as an in vivo model to compare the potential of HSCAS and bentonite to prevent the developmental toxicity of aflatoxin. Aluminosilicates (HSCAS) and bentonite were added to the diet at a level of 0.5% (w/w) and fed to the pregnant rat throughout pregnancy (i.e. days 0-20). Test animals were fed an aflatoxin-contaminated diet (2.5 mg kg ؊1 diet) with or without sorbents during gestation days 6-15. Evaluations of toxicity were performed on day 20. These included maternal (mortality, body weights, feed intake and litter weights), developmental (embryonic resorptions and fetal body weights) and biochemical (ALT, AST and AP) evaluations. Sorbents alone were not toxic and aflatoxin alone resulted in significant maternal and developmental toxicity. Animals treated with phyllosilicate (plus aflatoxin) were comparable to controls following evaluations for resorptions, live fetuses and fetal body weights, as well as biochemical parameters. While bentonite plus aflatoxin resulted in significant reduction in fetal body weight, none of the fetuses from HSCAS or bentonite plus aflatoxin-treated groups had any gross, internal soft tissue or major skeletal malformations.

Fate of aflatoxin B1 in contaminated corn gluten during acid hydrolysis

“…A number of chemical treatments have been found to degrade or destroy aflatoxins effectively but most are considered impractical or unsafe owing to the formation of toxic residues or alteration of nutritional content, flavor, odor, color, texture or functional properties of the final products 32. Our results revealed that HVP is considered an untraditional feed as well as a new promising practical approach to aflatoxin detoxification.…”

Efficacy of AdiDetox™ in reducing the toxicity of fumonisin B1 in rats

“…The use of feed adsorbents is considered the most promising and economical approach for preventing and reducing mycotoxicosis in animals (Dakovic et al, 2005). The basic mechanism involves sequestration of mycotoxins in the gastrointestinal tract and chemisorption, which results in a reduction of their bioavailability (Abdel-Wahhab et al, 1999;Phillips et al, 1990). Numerous sequestering agents such as activated carbon, sodium bentonite, cholestyramine and aluminosilicates have been tested to prevent the detrimental effects of fumonisins on animals (Miazzo et al, 2005;Piva et al, 2005;Solfrizzo et al, 2001a).…”

Mushroom Insoluble Non-Starch Polysaccharides (MINSP) Attenuate Ochratoxin A-Oxidative Stress and Hepato-Renal Dysfunctions in Rat

“…Ochratoxin A (OA) is a mycotoxin produced by several species of the fungal genera Aspergillus and Penicillium and is found in cereal and grain products OA is hepatonephrotoxic (Nada et al,1994), immunosuppressive (Singh et al, 1990), teratogenic (Abdel-Wahhab et al, 1999), apoptotic (Seegers et al, 1994), genotoxic (Pfohl-Leszkowicz and Manderville, 2012) agent and it has oxidative stress property (Nada et al, 1994). It cause cytotoxicity and increased ROS production in rat and monkey kidney cell lines (Schaaf et al, 2002).…”