Effect of a Phloxine B-Cucurbitacin Bait on Diabroticite Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract

Cucurbitacin E glycoside, extracted from a bitter mutant of Hawkesbury watermelon [Citrulls lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai (Syn. Citrullus vulgaris Schrad)] is the active ingredient of a feeding stimulant for the corn rootworm complex. It is the primary component of a water-soluble bait that can be combined with toxins for adult diabroticite control. Studies were conducted using phloxine B (D&C Red 28), a xanthene dye, as the toxin. This dye was efficacious against Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, spotted cucumber beetle, and Acalymma vittatum (F.), striped cucumber beetle, in cucumber plots and could be recovered from cucumber leaves for 8 d after treatment. The average amount of dye recovered per dead spotted cucumber beetle at 8 d after treatment was 0.173 microg. Concentrated and sugar-free fermented forms of the watermelon extract were developed and compared with the fresh juice in field applications on cucumber plants. There was no significant difference in mortality of beetles from phloxine B-bait prepared with fresh, fermented, or concentrated extract, although in laboratory studies, fermented juice had higher feeding stimulant activity.

Corn rootworm areawide pest management in the midwestern USA.

“…The ElL was set at seven beetles captured per trap per day and the ET was determined to be five beetles captured per trap per day (Gerber, 2004 . Pingel et al (2001) assisted this effort by evaluating techniques to improve residual activity of the baits, and Schroder et al (1998Schroder et al ( , 2001) assisted in development of new cucurbitacin sources resulting in development ofInvite®. These baits provided growers with the additional freedom of selecting and using an insecticide of their choice within the mixtures.…”

Complementary effect of Phloxine B on the insecticidal efficacy of Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198 wettable powder against greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum West.

“…larvae42 and diabroticite beetles [spotted cucumber beetle ( Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barb.) and striped cucumber beetle ( Acalymma vittata F.)] 43…”

Evaluation of Photosensitizer Toxicity and Biochemical Effects on Metabolites Level Total Carbohydrates, Proteins, Total Lipids of Peach Friute Fly, Bactrocera Zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…For control fruit fly photocompound, recommend as replacement for Malathion insecticide (Heitz 1995). in United States, control of corn rootworms and reduced doses of toxins has been a special potential to exchange foliar and soil insecticides with phloxine Bcucurbitacin bait (Schroder et al 2001). Photosensitization involves the activation of photosensitive compounds and the production of chemical reactions that harm or E 102 destroy cells; in some cases the excited Photo compound is converted into a noxious product (Spikes, 1985).…”